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This article develops a new inductive displacement sensor with a segmented multi-group coil structure, which is suitable for the displacement measurement of control rods in nuclear reactors. Each group coil of the sensor consists of two excitation coils and one sensing coil. The excitation and sensing coils are segmented to extend the linearity range of the displacement sensor. It abandons the traditional sensor's method of using nonlinear compensation to achieve large-stroke displacement measurement. Providing an alternating current (AC) signal to the excitation coil and processing the induced voltage generated by each sensing coil can directly achieve the high-precision measurement of core displacement. The mathematical model of the variations in the sensing coil voltage caused by the movement of the core is established. The impacts of the excitation coil structure, the number of turns of the excitation coil, and the excitation frequency on the output characteristics of the designed sensor are analyzed by finite element simulation. Based on the analysis and design, a sensor prototype is built and tested in the laboratory. The measurement results show that the linearity error is 0.35% and the maximum measuring error can be limited within 1.5 mm, which is sufficient to meet the practical requirements in a nuclear reactor environment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s25092827 | DOI Listing |
Elife
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
Voltage-dependence gating of ion channels underlies numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes, and disruption of normal voltage gating is the cause of many channelopathies. Here, long timescale atomistic simulations were performed to directly probe voltage-induced gating transitions of the big potassium (BK) channels, where the voltage sensor domain (VSD) movement has been suggested to be distinct from that of canonical Kv channels but remains poorly understood. Using a Core-MT construct without the gating ring, multiple voltage activation transitions were observed at 750 mV, allowing detailed analysis of the activated state of BK VSD and key mechanistic features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
Department of Orthodontics, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key
Clear aligners offer aesthetic and comfort advantages in orthodontics, yet their ability to deliver effective forces relies heavily on empirical judgment or large-scale optical scanning, lacking real-time quantitative evaluation. Integrating pressure sensors into aligners is a promising solution, but challenges in miniaturization, multi-dimensional sensing, measurement accuracy, and biocompatibility hinder clinical application. Here, an all-in-one Orthodontic Force Acquisition System (OFAS) is presented that enables real-time, 3D force monitoring using a cross-shaped iontronic sensing array and an origami-inspired, wireless battery-free readout circuit miniaturized for single-tooth placement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7909, United States.
Gallium oxide (GaO) is distinguished in the electronics field for its ultrawide bandgap, high breakdown field, and transparency to visible and infrared light, making it highly attractive for sensor applications in harsh environments. This study investigates the evolution of defects in GaO under ion irradiation, annealing, and their combined effects, with a unique focus on in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. We examined three electron-transparent GaO lamellas (samples A, B, and C) under distinct conditions: Sample A was subjected to Kr ion irradiation up to 15.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mater Chem B
September 2025
Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Major Arterial Road, AA II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India.
The development of non-toxic, cost-effective and high fluorescent sensing materials has earned significant interest in the last decade. In this work, a simple synthesis technique of mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) suitable for the ultrasensitive detection of a commonly used antibiotic, enrofloxacin (ENR), has been reported. The fluorescence of the HOF is completely quenched after the formation of a HOF-Cu complex as a turn off sensor which undergoes a turn-on mechanism in the presence of ENR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
September 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
Glutamate (Glu) plays a critical role in the brain, and the ability to directly measure glutamate activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions and pathological processes. Herein, we engineered a family of Glu sensors () based on host-guest interactions through the indicator displacement method (IDA) strategy. The optimized supramolecular chemosensor exhibited specificity, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, rapid kinetics (∼145 ms), and photostability, enabling it to be suitable for monitoring Glu dynamics in neuronal organelles, brain tissues, and zebrafish.
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