Study on the correlation between oxidized low- density lipoprotein and oxidized high- density lipoprotein with type 2 diabetes complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the correlations between oxidized lipoproteins, specifically oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL), and the comorbidities of T2DM and PTB (T2DM + PTB).

Methods: This prospective study included 360 cases from May 2022 to May 2023. The cohort consisted of 60 cases of pure hyperlipidemia, 100 cases of PTB, 100 cases of T2DM, and 100 cases of T2DM + PTB. Each of the PTB, T2DM, and T2DM + PTB groups was further subdivided into a normal lipid subgroup (40 cases) and a hyperlipidemia subgroup (60 cases). Additionally, 40 healthy individuals served as a control group. The age range of participants spanned from 40.8 ± 7.36 to 56.34 ± 11.52 years. Venous blood samples were collected from each group to measure levels of HbA1c, insulin (INS), fasting serum glucose (FSG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I(ApoA I), apolipoprotein B(Apo B), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL). Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessed the association of oxLDL and oxHDL levels with PTB.

Results: The levels of oxLDL and oxHDL in the pure hyperlipidemia group, PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup,T2DM hyperlipidemia subgroup, and T2DM + PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup were significantly elevated compared to those in the control group. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between TG and LDL-C with oxLDL in the T2DM hyperlipidemia subgroup and the T2DM + PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup. TC and LDL-C were also positively correlated with oxLDL in the PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup. All hyperlipidemia groups exhibited a positive correlation between TG and oxHDL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that oxLDL ≥2362U/L~<4724 U/L (more than 2 times higher than the control group) and oxHDL ≥ 26 μg/L (more than 4 times higher than the control group) were relative risk factors for PTB.

Conclusion: Significantly elevated oxLDL and oxHDL levels may be risk factors for PTB and may influence the comorbidity of T2DM and PTB. Further evaluation of pathological levels with oxLDL levels exceeding twice the control group and oxHDL levels exceeding four times the control group is recommended.