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Article Abstract

Accurate assessment and enhancement of phosphorus (P) availability are critical for land application of sewage sludge and its thermal-treated products. By simulating different functioning pathways of P in soil, a novel multivariable scheme was developed to evaluate P availability from the perspective of mobility and bio-accessibility, then was applied to investigate the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (HT), carbonaceous skeleton-assisted HT (CSkel-HT), and incineration on this topic. Sludge contained predominantly slow-release and microbial-available P (>50.0 % of total P). HT and incineration reduced available P through filtrate discharge, organic-P decomposition, and Fe/Al-P volatilization. Surprisingly, CSkel-HT addition promoted soluble Ca/MgHPO and thermal-stable Fe/AlPO formation under acidic conditions, which not only retained the slow-release and microbial-available P in hydrochar and ash, but also increased the rapid-available and plant-available P contents by 25.0 % and 300.0 %. Our scheme provided more informative insights than traditional single-index methods, and revealed the enhancing mechanism of CSkel-HT on P availability.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132429DOI Listing

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