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In this study, pig blood (PB), milk whey (MW), cow gelatin (CG), and pig gelatin (PG) were used to investigate the flavor profiles of hydrolyzed animal byproduct proteins using biomimetic sensory-based machine perception techniques and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). In addition, this study aimed to explore their potential application in the food industry as a food source. In taste patterns and volatile compounds, PB hydrolyzed with pepsin exhibited the most pronounced umami taste and a glassy odor similar to green and almond. However, PB hydrolyzed with alcalase did not exhibit this distinctive characteristic. In addition, the chemometrics approaches of flavor compounds showed that taste patterns and volatile compounds were influenced by the types of substrate, regardless of the utilization of enzyme types. This study provides flavor profiles of hydrolysis by-product proteins (prototypes) that can be used as a basic database for sensomics combined with chemometrics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102343 | DOI Listing |
J Agric Food Chem
September 2025
Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
The Sensomics approach, including activity-guided fractionation and taste dilution analysis, was employed to identify the key compounds responsible for the bitter off-taste of sunflower press cake. A combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, one-/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and dose-overthreshold factor calculation led to the identification of 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid, 9,10,11-trihydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid, 11,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, 2-hydroxyoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and novel pinocarveol β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-(4--caffeoyl) glucopyranoside as contributors to the bitterness of sunflower press cake. The findings provide valuable insights into the sensory challenges associated with using sunflower press cake in food applications and offer pathways to enhance its palatability and potential as a sustainable protein alternative to meet future protein demands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
August 2025
School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. Electronic address:
Chimonanthus praecox var. concolor Mak. flower (CPCMF) is used in some food products, but its key odorants have not been determined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Sci Food
August 2025
National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization of Tea Plant, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
Drying plays a crucial role in shaping tea's quality. This study investigated the effects of sun drying, hot-air drying, and combined drying on the taste profile of crude Ancha tea (CAT) by using sensory analysis and metabolomics methods. One-way analysis of variance and multivariate statistical analysis identified 33 key differential metabolites in CAT, including six substances with a dose over threshold (Dot) > 1 that contributed to bitterness and astringency: (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, and kaempferol-3-rutinoside.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Biotechnol
July 2025
Department of Genetics, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) predict an individual's genetic risk for complex diseases, yet their utility in elucidating disease biology remains limited. We introduce scPRS, a graph neural network-based framework that computes single-cell-resolved PRSs by integrating reference single-cell chromatin accessibility profiles. scPRS outperforms traditional PRS approaches in genetic risk prediction, as demonstrated across multiple diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer disease and severe COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
July 2025
Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Over 65 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have Long COVID (LC), a complex multisystemic condition marked by fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and other symptoms resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). With no clinically approved treatments or reliable diagnostic markers, there is an urgent need to define the molecular underpinnings of these conditions. By studying bioenergetic characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 25 healthy controls, 27 ME/CFS, and 20 LC donors, we find both ME/CFS and LC donors exhibit signs of elevated oxidative stress, especially in the memory subset.
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