Chemosensory and metabolite insights into roasted rice ( L.) bran oil: analyzing its flavor, bioactive potential, and sustainable utilization.

Unlabelled: This study analyzed the chemosensory and metabolite profiles of rice bran oil (RBO) using an E-tongue (electronic tongue), an E-nose (electronic nose), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC). The results demonstrated that total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) significantly increased with roasting, while -oryzanol showed a decreasing trend. The fatty acids identified in RBOs were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2).

Proliferation of tumor-related regulatory T cells in circulation dictates efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade modulates the responses of T cells including regulatory T (TREG) cells. Understanding the changes of TREG cells upon PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer patients and their association with therapeutic response will provide clues regarding the mechanisms underlying resistance to treatment.

Experimental Design: Peripheral blood samples were acquired before and at 1-week post-treatment from 65 patients (triple-negative [TN], n = 35; luminal, n = 30) enrolled in KORNELIA phase 2 trial, which evaluated the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy combining nivolumab and eribulin in HER2 negative breast cancer (BC) patients.

Type 1 interferon signature and allograft inflammatory factor-1 contribute to refractoriness to TNF inhibition in ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the enthesis and may culminate in bony ankylosis of the spine. Despite TNF inhibitor (TNFi) being foundational in managing active inflammation, 30-40% of patients with AS remain non-responsive. Through longitudinal and multi-omics profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from TNFi-receiving patients with AS, here we reveal that elevated type I IFN signatures at baseline are associated with poor TNFi response, leading to a paradoxical enhancement of IFN signatures and Th17 responses following TNFi therapy.

GX-I7, a long-acting IL-7, safely and effectively increased peripheral CD8/CD4 T cells and TILs in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours.

Background: GX-I7 (rhIL-7-hyFc, efineptakin alfa) is a hybrid Fc-fused long-acting interleukin-7 (IL-7) with the aim of correcting T-cell deficiency, thereby strengthening the immune response to fight against cancer. This Phase 1b, dose-escalation study was designed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of GX-I7 in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours.

Methods: This study, conducted in patients with advanced solid tumours at three hospitals in Korea, involved intramuscular GX-I7 administration across eight dose levels (60-1700 µg/kg) in 3- and 6-week cohorts.

Co-blockade of TGFβ and PD-1 Reinvigorates Glioblastoma-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells That Characteristically Upregulate TGFβRI Expression.

Purpose: Clinical trials have shown limited efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we examined the expression of TGFβ type I receptor (TGFβRI) in GBM-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and the characteristics of TGFβRI+CD8+ T cells. We examined the ex vivo effects of the co-blockade of PD-1 and TGFβ on the functions of GBM-infiltrating CD8+ T cells.

Ethanolic Extract of Roots and Its Bioactive Compound, Oleamide, Prevented Amyloid β-Induced Oxidative Stress and Improved Behavioral Tests in Mice.

Researchers have long focused on the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain as a primary pathological hallmark driving cognitive decline. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of (RR) root extract and its key bioactive constituent, oleamide, against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity. Initially, an ethanolic extract of RR root was screened via in vitro assays to assess antioxidant and cytoprotective potential in rat pheochromocytoma cells.

Transcriptomic signatures in response to antioxidants supplementation in Korean cattle beef, : a 7-month feeding study.

Introduction: The present study investigated the effects of antioxidant supplementation on the transcriptomic profiles of cattle during a 7-month feeding trial.

Methods: Twelve castrated cattle were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (CON) and a group supplemented with antioxidants (FEED), consisting of vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium. Growth performance and carcass traits were evaluated, and liver transcriptomic changes were assessed using RNA sequencing.

Patients With Mild COVID-19 Exhibit Low Functional Avidity of SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein-Reactive CD4 T Cells.

Herein, we found that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-unexposed individuals exhibited an increased frequency of CD4 T cells against SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 M-reactive cells may be primed by previous infection with common cold coronaviruses (CCCoVs). We confirmed that CCCoV M-reactive CD4 T cells cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 M in unexposed individuals. Among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents and unexposed individuals, SARS-CoV-2 M-reactive CD4 T cells exhibited significantly lower functional avidity than CD4 T cells reactive to other viruses.

Exploring flavor patterns in the peel of tangor: A new citrus variety based on electronic sensors and GC-MS/O.

This study used electronic sensors and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry to analyze the peels of eight citrus fruits. Five taste patterns were evaluated, with citrus kiyomi having the highest sweetness and bitterness and citrus tsunokaori having the highest sourness. Electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed the major volatile compounds to be limonene, myrcene, and α-pinene.

Chemosensory approaches to enzymatically hydrolyzed pig intestine byproducts using electronic sensors and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry analysis.

This study analyzed the taste patterns and volatile aroma compounds (VACs) of pig intestinal byproducts, specifically those of the heart, kidney, spleen, liver, and lungs, which were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Chemosensory property analysis was performed using an electronic tongue (E-tongue) for taste patterns and an electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) for volatile patterns. E-tongue analysis indicated that the samples treated with alcalase were associated with saltiness, sweetness, and bitterness, whereas the samples treated with pepsin were associated with sourness and umami.

Redefining the immune landscape of hepatitis A virus infection.

Despite the development of effective vaccines against hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, outbreaks of acute hepatitis A still occur globally, such that HAV remains a major cause of acute viral hepatitis. Most patients with acute hepatitis A recover spontaneously; however, some adult cases result in acute liver failure due to immune-mediated liver damage. Previous studies suggested that HAV evades the innate immune response through strong counteractive mechanisms, and that HAV-specific CD8 T cells contribute to liver damage in patients with acute hepatitis A.

A Mixture of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Decursin, and l-Cysteine Lowered Senescence-Associated Markers In Vitro and Was Effective Against 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis In Vivo: An Application of Network Pharmacology.

Skin aging, accelerated by oxidative stress from environmental factors, results in the breakdown of collagen and elastin, causing visible signs like wrinkles and inflammation. Natural antioxidants such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), decursin, and l-cysteine have shown potential in combating oxidative damage and inflammation. This study explored the effects of a formulated mixture of these compounds on skin aging and atopic dermatitis (AD) through a combination of , , and methods.

Sensomics combined with Chemometrics approaches of enzymatically hydrolyzed animal by-product proteins using biomimetic sensory-based machine perception techniques and gas chromatography-Olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS).

In this study, pig blood (PB), milk whey (MW), cow gelatin (CG), and pig gelatin (PG) were used to investigate the flavor profiles of hydrolyzed animal byproduct proteins using biomimetic sensory-based machine perception techniques and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). In addition, this study aimed to explore their potential application in the food industry as a food source. In taste patterns and volatile compounds, PB hydrolyzed with pepsin exhibited the most pronounced umami taste and a glassy odor similar to green and almond.

NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity of CD4 cytotoxic T cells in multiple myeloma.

Emerging evidence indicates that CD4+ T cells contribute to antitumor immunity beyond their traditional roles as helpers or regulators. However, the specific subset of CD4+ T cells mediating beneficial outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma remains unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor sequencing on CD4+ T cells sorted from the bone marrow of patients across the stages of myeloma progression.

Investigating Human Liver Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells from the Perspectives of Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists.

Liver tissue-resident memory T (T) cells play a pivotal role in hepatic immune responses. Their unique residence within liver sinusoids allow continuous antigen surveillance. In this review, we highlight the role of liver T cells in protective immunity and disease pathology.

Characterization of Mutants Generated by Long-Term Serial Treatment with a Low Concentration of Ethyl Methanesulfonate.

is a microalga that has great promise for the production of biofuels, functional foods, and bioactive compounds, and mutagenesis and effective screening methods are required to develop strains that have industrial use. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a widely used mutagen, but is highly lethal to at typical concentrations. In the present study, low-concentration, long-time EMS exposure combined with serial treatment was introduced for generating mutants.

Antioxidant and chemosensory properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran under different oven-roasting conditions.

In this study, the antioxidant and chemosensory properties of rice bran were evaluated under different oven-roasting temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C) and durations (5 min, 10 min, and 15 min). The γ-oryzanol and total phenolic contents initially increased in raw rice bran but decreased with increasing roasting levels, whereas total flavonoid content initially decreased and then increased. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity exhibited a decreasing trend.

Sensomics and chemometrics approaches of differential brewed and roasted coffee (Coffea arabica) from Ethiopia using biomimetic sensory-based machine perception techniques: Effects of caffeine on bitter taste and the generation of volatiles.

This study investigated the effects of caffeine in coffee extract (CE) prepared under various roasting and brewing conditions on non-volatile characteristics (antioxidant activity, caffeine contents, chlorogenic acid contents, and taste patterns) and volatile compounds. The representative taste of coffee is bitter taste, and it was mainly influenced by roasting processes compared with the contents of caffeine. Non-volatile compounds were influenced by the bean types (regular and decaffeinated beans) and brewing methods, whereas volatile compounds were mainly affected by the brewing methods and roasting processes.

Oven roasting effects on the physicochemical and chemosensory characteristics of hemp seeds ( L.).

Physicochemical properties and flavor characteristics of hemp seeds (HS) were analyzed by roasting temperature (140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C) and time (initial, 3, 6, 9, 12 min). HS with roasting showed a lightness () with increasing roasting time. Total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased significantly with roasting compared to initial, and total phenolic content (TPC) tended to decrease with increasing roasting time at low temperatures (140 °C), but relatively high temperatures (160 °C and 180 °C), TPC increased significantly with increasing roasting time.

Tetragonia tetragonioides extract prevented high-fat-diet-induced obesity and changed hepatic and adipose transcriptomic signatures in C57BL/6J male mice.

Obesity, often driven by high-fat diets (HFDs), is a major global health issue, necessitating effective preventive measures. Tetragonia tetragonoides, a plant with known medicinal properties, has not been extensively studied for its effects on HFD-induced obesity and related genetic changes in mice. This study explores the impact of T.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immune responses in solid organ transplant recipients.

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are considered a high-risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The adaptive immune responses generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination include humoral and cellular immune responses. Most studies on the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have focused primarily on humoral immunity, but cellular immunity is vital for effectively controlling progression to severe COVID-19.