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The applicability of different topological indices is indispensable in fields such as chemistry, electronics, economics, business studies, medicine, and the social sciences. The most popular index in graph theory is the wiener index [Formula: see text], which is based on the geodesic distance between two vertices. It is assumed that the weight of the geodesic between vertex x and vertex y in intuitionistic fuzzy rough graphs (IFRG) is zero in the absence of a directed path. With regard to intuitionistic fuzzy rough graphs, the objective of this work is to investigate in detail the wiener index [Formula: see text] and the average wiener index ([Formula: see text]. Also, the connectivity index [Formula: see text] is one of the most significant indices, providing several examples and results. For intuitionistic fuzzy rough graphs, alternative distance and degree-based topological indices have also been developed. The research on intuitionistic fuzzy rough graphs that has been suggested is appropriate for representing imprecise data and uncertainty in practical situations. Additionally, examined is the connection between the wiener and connectivity indices. Finally, we proposed the use of wiener indices in transport network flow.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94488-y | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
August 2025
Publicity Department, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410100, China.
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August 2025
Digital and Intelligent Operations Center, Guangxi Power Grid Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530022, China.
Hybrid machine learning techniques for knowledge extraction in communication networks combine the strengths of multiple learning algorithms to analyze complex, high-dimensional, and dynamic network data effectively. Some advanced approaches are discussed to improve the intelligence and efficiency of modern communication networks, making them more resilient and capable of meeting the growing demands of data-driven applications. This article articulates the efficiency and feasibility of a complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (Cq-ROFS), which is an extended version of an intuitionistic and q-rung orthopair fuzzy model.
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August 2025
Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies have created new possibilities that redefine the scope of modern education, allowing for the creation of entirely immersive and engaging learning environments. With the rapid adoption of these technologies to enhance educational environments, the importance of having methods to measure the effectiveness of teaching performance in such immersive settings has become increasingly crucial. This study introduces a new framework that integrates the circular interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (CIVIF) framework and the evaluation based on the distance from average solution (EDAS) method to assess teaching effectiveness in VR and AR classrooms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
July 2025
School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence is transforming agriculture by enabling data-driven plant disease monitoring and decision support. Soil-borne mosaic wheat virus (SBWMV) is a soil-transmitted virus disease that poses a serious threat to wheat production across multiple ecological zones. Due to the regional variability in environmental conditions and symptom expressions, accurately evaluating the severity of wheat soil-borne mosaic (WSBM) infections remains a persistent challenge.
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August 2025
Education Research, Guangdong Polytechnic University of Light Industry, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have transformed higher education by providing widespread access to quality educational content, and the integration of machine learning (ML) has significantly enhanced their effectiveness and adaptability. This article is designed to illustrate insufficient and vague types of information in expert's judgment using a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem. For this purpose, we modify the theoretical concepts of circular intuitionistic fuzzy set (Cir-IFS), which is an extended framework of fuzzy theory and intuitionistic fuzzy models.
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