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The landscape consists of a mosaic of interacting ecosystem elements, which maintain stability and aid in sustaining crucial services. Unplanned developmental activities leading to the transition of pervious surfaces into impervious/paved surfaces have significant implications for the urban climate, mainly through the phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHIs). Changes in landscape integrity could be quantified through land use (land cover) assessment and urban heat island effect through spatial computation of land surface temperature (LST).
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Climate change has the scope to significantly modulate the distribution of floral and faunal taxa, with those regions persistently suitable to a population through the largest environmental perturbations termed "refugia". Within Africa, focus has been placed on forest refugia during glacial cycles as hotspots of biodiversity, whilst refugia for savannah species have been overlooked. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of baboon occurrences and fitted species distribution model ensembles to predict the present potential habitable range of each species and the genus as a whole.
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