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Article Abstract
Relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) films represent promising candidates for high-performance energy storage applications for miniaturized electronic devices and power systems. However, achieving substantial energy storage performance always involves complex component or structural design. Herein, we employed a nanocomposite approach to obtain ultrahigh-efficiency and robust energy density in simple BaTiO-based lead-free films. Our lead-free composition of simple (1-x)BaTiO-xCeO (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) contains only four elements (Ba, Ti, Ce and O). The incorporation of stiff and insulating CeO nanocomposites within BaTiO matrix could disrupt the long-range-ordered micrometer-size domains into short-range-ordered nanodomains. This disruption suppresses hysteresis and delays polarization of BaTiO films. Combined with the enhanced breakdown strength, this formulation yielded an ultrahigh efficiency of ≈90% and a robust energy density of 45 ± 3 J cm at CeO contents of x = 0.3 and 0.4. Meanwhile, these two films with x = 0.3 and 0.4 exhibit superior frequency (50 Hz to 2 kHz) and thermal stability (20 °C to 120 °C), demonstrating stable energy storage performance. The proposed strategy opens up a new avenue for designing high-performance nanocomposite films by incorporating stiff secondary phase embedded in BaTiO or even linear SrTiO dielectrics.
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