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In organic solar cells, the aggregation and crystallization of polymers are significant for bulk heterojunction. Blending with acceptor materials, polymer donor materials can adjust their aggregation by the movement of the chain segments. In this paper, the unfused structures based on thiophene and carbazole are respectively designed and introduced into the donor-acceptor copolymer donor materials to investigate the influence of flexible and rigid structures on polymer-aggregation leading photoelectric performance. The material and quantum chemical property investigations show that the selection and design of the blocks are important for the properties of the terpolymers, and the resulting polymer:Y6 devices achieve improvements in performance from 13.85% to 15.66% (especially for fill factors from 63.37% up to 69.81%). This result contributes to designing and optimizing efficient polymers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym17020248 | DOI Listing |
Mater Horiz
September 2025
TU Delft, Netherlands.
Soft wearable sensors offer promising potential for advanced diagnostics, therapeutics, and human-machine interfaces. Unlike conventional devices that are bulky and rigid, often compromising skin integrity, comfort, and user compliance, soft wearable sensors are flexible, conformable, and better suited to the dynamic skin surface. This improved mechanical integration enhances signal fidelity and device performance, while also enabling safer, more comfortable, and continuous physiological monitoring in real-world environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurg Endosc
September 2025
Department of Next Generation Endoscopic Intervention (Project ENGINE), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suite 0802, BioSystems Bldg., 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Objective: Rigid suction-coagulation probes constrain the wrist-like articulation that is central to robotic surgery. We therefore designed a 5-mm single-use flexible suction ball coagulator (flex-SBC) with a modified core design to restore dexterity and assessed its mechanical performance and early clinical feasibility, including the effect of the common robotic gripping strategies on suction flow.
Methods: Preclinical.
Sci Adv
September 2025
The Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
Mobile robots that simultaneously have fast speeds, sufficient load-carrying capabilities, and multiple locomotive functions have always been challenging to develop. Here, we introduce a liquid-amplified electrostatic rolling (LAER) mechanism, which elegantly integrates actuation and adhesion into a streamline single-degree-of-freedom structure. Based on this, we developed a rigid tethered LAER roller (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
September 2025
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Shaanxi Innovation Center for Special Sensing and Testing Technology in Extreme En
Continuous monitoring of cardiovascular vital signs can reduce the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, yet cannot be implemented by current technologies because of device bulkiness and rigidity. Here, we report self-adhesive and skin-conformal ultrasonic transducer arrays that enable wearable monitoring of multiple hemodynamic parameters without interfering with daily activities. A skin-adaptive focused ultrasound method with rational array design is proposed to implement measurement under wide ranges of skin curvatures and depths with improved sensing performances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
September 2025
College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Inspired by the rigid exoskeleton and elastic inner tissues of crustaceans, a bilayer gel integrating high-strength rigidity and soft cushioning with high interfacial adhesion (1060 ± 40 J m ) is developed via a stepwise solid-liquid phase crosslinking strategy. Herein, a prefrozen high-concentration polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution forms a solid-state structural framework, while a subsequently cast low-concentration PVA solution generates a flexible layer. Partial thawing of the frozen gel during casting triggers molecular chain interpenetration at the interface, synergistically enhanced by controlled molecular penetration, freeze-thaw cycles, and salt-induced crystallization.
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