Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is one of the most abundant RNA types in cells, acting as an adaptor to bridge the genetic information in mRNAs with the amino acid sequence in proteins. Both tRNAs and small fragments processed from them play many nonconventional roles in addition to translation. tRNA molecules undergo various types of chemical modifications to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of translation and regulate their diverse functions beyond translation. In this review, we discuss the biogenesis and molecular mechanisms of tRNA modifications, including major tRNA modifications, writer enzymes, and their dynamic regulation. We also summarize the state-of-the-art technologies for measuring tRNA modification, with a particular focus on 2'-O-methylation (Nm), and discuss their limitations and remaining challenges. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries linking dysregulation of tRNA modifications with genetic diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2024.2442856 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in cardiovascular diseases: biogenesis, functions, and therapeutic targets.
Front Cardiovasc Med
August 2025
The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are generated by cleavage of precursors or mature tRNAs under stress conditions such as hypoxia, oxidative stress and nutrient deficiency. Recent breakthroughs in RNA sequencing technology have revealed their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including myocardial infarction (MI), atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, aortic coarctation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. tsRNAs play important biological functions in these diseases, including the inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic modification, intercellular signaling mediation, translation, and regulation of gene expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe bacterial tRNA modifying enzyme tRNA lysidine synthetase is genetically conserved but catalytically variable.
J Biol Chem
September 2025
Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109. Electronic address:
The AUA isoleucine codon is generally rare and used with varying frequency in bacterial genomes. The tRNA responsible for decoding this trinucleotide must be modified at the wobble position by tRNA lysidine synthetase (TilS) prior to aminoacylation and accommodation at the ribosome. To test the hypothesis that TilS catalytic efficiency correlates with AUA frequency, we cloned tilS genes from bacteria with varying AUA codon usage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRibosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications are important for ribosome function and can influence bacterial susceptibility to ribosome-targeting antibiotics. The universally conserved 16S rRNA nucleotide C1402, for example, is the only 2'- -methylated nucleotide in the bacterial small (30S) ribosomal subunit and this modification fine tunes the shape and structure of the peptidyl tRNA binding site. The Cm1402 modification is incorporated by the conserved bacterial 16S rRNA methyltransferase RsmI, but it is unclear how RsmI is able to recognize its 30S substrate and specifically modify its buried target nucleotide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetastasis is the leading cause of cancer related deaths, however therapies specifically targeting metastasis are lacking and remain a dire therapeutic need in the clinic. Metastasis is a highly inefficient process that is inhibited by extracellular stress. Therefore, metastasizing cells that ultimately survive and successfully colonize distant organs must undergo molecular rewiring to mitigate stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtemisinin has long been a first-line antimalarial. Yet, its mode of action is still poorly understood. Emergence of artemisinin-resistant strains highlight the importance of addressing this question so as to develop better drugs and overcome resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF