Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
Background: COVID-19 developed a sudden onset of smelling disorders. Researchers used self-reported or special tests to study this issue. We aimed to investigate whether quantitative-test smell disorders have a considerable difference from self-reported or not.
Methods: We searched 554 studies published between December 2019 to September 2020 by the PICO model. Our search strategies were based on MeSH terms in the electronic databases Web of Science (136 articles), Scopus (84 articles), and PubMed (334 articles). The duplicated articles were excluded, then the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidance were utilized. Finally, we divided the studies into two (self-report (33 articles) and specific-test (9 articles)) groups.
Results: 33 (80%) articles expressed olfactory dysfunction by self-report of patients and 9(20%) studies were conducted by a specific test. Only three studies, one in self-report; ((internal reliability, Cronbach α = 0.84) and validity (r = -0.60, p < 0.001)) and two in specific-test groups; ((test-retest r=0.94) and another study (test-retest r >0.7)) conducted validity and reliability. Self-reported studies published a various range of prevalence (20% _97%) in patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with a specific-test group were found to have a primary incidence of anosmia of over 65%, even reaching 98% depending on the types of tests.
Conclusion: Self-reporting of COVID-19 detection can be affected by sociodemographic factors. Although self-reported questionnaires are economical and easy to use, standardized tests provide more reliable comparisons and professional assessments. Therefore, standardized tests are recommended for more accurate screening over self-reporting.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607109 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/cjim.16.1.37 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Subjective smell- and taste loss in diabetes-A questionnaire-based study on 47 011 individuals with diabetes and matched controls.
Diabetes Obes Metab
September 2025
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Background: Taste and smell disorders are more common in individuals with diabetes, particularly among those with low insulin sensitivity or central obesity. These disorders may affect glycaemic control by altering dietary habits. This study aimed to investigate self-reported taste and smell dysfunction in individuals with diabetes and explore associations with clinical and behavioural factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProdromal Lewy Body Symptoms and α-Synuclein Seeding in Idiopathic Olfactory Dysfunction.
Mov Disord Clin Pract
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Early identification of pathological α-synuclein deposition (αSynD) may improve understanding of Lewy body disorder (LBD) progression and enable timely disease-modifying treatments.
Objectives: We investigated αSynD using a seed amplification assay and assessed prodromal LBD symptoms in individuals with idiopathic olfactory dysfunction (iOD).
Methods: In this cross-sectional, case-control study, we included iOD participants and normosmic healthy controls (HC) aged 55 to 75 years without diagnoses of dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease (PD), or other major neurological disorders.
Olfactory training enhances semantic verbal fluency in healthy older adults, but only for individuals with low baseline performance.
Chem Senses
September 2025
Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
Olfactory training (OT), a structured exposure to odors, is commonly used by otorhinolaryngologists to treat olfactory dysfunction. However, OT has been shown to improve cognition of people with cognitive or olfactory impairments and slow the age-related cognitive decline. This study investigated whether OT could enhance cognitive functions in older adults with an intact sense of smell, compared to younger adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSaline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: Part II. Outcomes in Omicron and risk-benefit for self-care.
Front Public Health
September 2025
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
Background: The World Health Organization recommends at-home management of mild COVID-19. While our preliminary evaluation provided evidence for saline nasal irrigation (SNI) and gargling in COVID-19, an update and risk-benefit assessment for self-care in Omicron infection is warranted, from treatment and preparedness perspectives, as new SARS-CoV-2 variants continuously emerge, while symptoms overlap with those of common colds and other upper respiratory tract infections.
Methods: Systematic literature searches for preclinical and clinical studies involving Omicron infection and saline, bias assessment, and review of outcomes (benefits, risks).
Olfactory training improves cognition and modifies brain networks in type 2 diabetes patients with mild cognitive impairment: A 16-week randomised controlled trial.
Diabetes Obes Metab
September 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) related cognitive impairment links to comorbid and modifiable olfactory dysfunction; however, the efficacy of olfactory training (OT) to mitigate cognitive decline specifically in these patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unestablished. This study aimed to determine whether OT alleviates cognitive decline in this population.
Materials And Methods: In this 16-week, open-label trial, 60 T2D participants with MCI were randomly assigned (1:1) to OT or routine care (control).