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We demonstrate an on-chip photodetector by integrating a graphene and topological insulator BiTe heterostructure on a thin-film lithium niobate waveguide. Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguides are fabricated by the photolithography-assisted chemical mechanical etching method. The bismuth telluride (BiTe) and graphene heterostructure design provides enhanced photocurrent due to the effective photocarrier generation. The lithium niobate waveguide-integrated BiTe/graphene heterojunction presents a high absorption coefficient of 2.1 dB/µm. The BiTe/graphene heterojunction photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 2.54 mA/W without external bias at a 1.55 µm wavelength, which is enhancement of sevenfold as compared to the pure graphene-based photodetector. The photodetector has a 3 dB bandwidth of over 4.7 GHz. This work provides a potentially viable method for a self-powered, high responsivity, and fast response of the photodetector integrated with the LNOI photonic platform.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.540452 | DOI Listing |
J Biophotonics
September 2025
Institute for Physical Research of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Ashtarak, Armenia.
We report the results of an experimental study of the movement and trapping of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in broth suspensions, under photovoltaic fields generated by an optical Bessel beam illumination of the surface of a lithium niobate crystal (photovoltaic tweezers). The study was performed using a phase-sensitive transmission microscope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanophotonics
August 2025
Wangzhijiang Innovation Center for Laser, Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
The high extinction ratio mode (de)multiplexer is a pivotal component in high capacity mode-division multiplexing data communication and nascent on-chip intermodal acousto-optic modulators. Up to now, high performance on-chip mode (de)multiplexers are still lacking for integrated AOMs on the lithium niobate-on-insulator platform. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an innovative scheme to achieve high extinction ratio signal routing for acousto-optic modulation, by leveraging a two-mode (de)multiplexer in conjunction with a high- racetrack microring resonator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
September 2025
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
The surge in artificial intelligence applications calls for scalable, high-speed, and low-energy computation methods. Computing with photons is promising due to the intrinsic parallelism, high bandwidth, and low latency of photons. However, current photonic computing architectures are limited by the speed and energy consumption associated with electronic-to-optical data transfer, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
The forthcoming sixth-generation and beyond wireless networks are poised to operate across an expansive frequency range-from microwave, millimetre wave to terahertz bands-to support ubiquitous connectivity in diverse application scenarios. This necessitates a one-size-fits-all hardware solution that can be adaptively reconfigured within this wide spectrum to support full-band coverage and dynamic spectrum management. However, existing electrical or photonic-assisted solutions face a lot of challenges in meeting this demand because of the limited bandwidths of the devices and the intrinsically rigid nature of system architectures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpt Lett
September 2025
Electro-optic modulators have become an essential component of communication and information infrastructure. However, challenges to stable DC operation result in a requirement for thermal biasing of modulators, which can require high powers and be prohibitive to the deployment of modulators for low-temperature applications. Here, we present stable DC operation of a thin-film lithium niobate modulator at liquid nitrogen accessible temperatures, providing a low-cost alternative to thermal tuning demands and demonstrating accessibility for low-temperature applications.
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