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The E2F transcription factor family, whose members are encoded by the E2F1-E2F8 genes, plays pivotal roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, stemness, metastasis, aging, angiogenesis, tumor promotion or suppression, and other biological processes. The activity of E2Fs is regulated at multiple levels, with posttranslational modifications being an important regulatory mechanism. There are numerous types of posttranslational modifications, among which phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are the most commonly studied in the context of the E2F family. Posttranslational modifications of E2F family proteins regulate their biological activity, stability, localization, and interactions with other biomolecules, affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, etc., and thereby playing roles in physiological and pathological processes. Notably, these modifications do not always act alone but rather form an interactive regulatory network. Currently, several drugs targeting posttranslational modifications are being studied or clinically applied, in which the proteolysis-targeting chimera and molecular glue can target E2Fs. This review aims to summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of different PTMs of E2F family members in the physiological state and in cancer and to briefly discuss their clinical significance and potential therapeutic use.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117147 | DOI Listing |
Anal Chim Acta
November 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA·UB), University of Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
Background: Targeted bottom-up proteomics is of great interest for the straightforward, accurate, and sensitive measurement of specific protein biomarkers from surrogate peptide fragments. However, this approach typically relies on off-line enzymatic digestion with trypsin, a time-consuming step that may be inadequate for covering certain sequence regions containing important post-translational modifications (PTMs).
Results: In this study, we present an in-line enzymatic digestion strategy for the targeted bottom-up analysis of α-synuclein (α-syn), which is a protein biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD).
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
September 2025
Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential in neurogenesis during development and adulthood. DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression to maintain the neural stem cell pool and direct the fate of newborn neurons by modulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation, and survival. Adult neurogenesis exhibits bidirectional interactions with non-social and socio-sexual factors such as sexual behavior, mate recognition, pair bonding, parental behavior, and offspring recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Biochem Sci
September 2025
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR-IBIOM), Bari 70126, Italy. Electronic address:
The rise of AlphaFold and similar structure predictors has made it possible to determine the 3D structure of almost any protein from its amino acid sequence. Residue interaction networks (RINs), graphs where residues are represented as nodes and interactions as edges, provide a powerful framework for analyzing and interpreting this surge in structural data. Here, we provide a comprehensive introduction to RINs, exploring different approaches to constructing and analyzing them, including their integration with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and artificial intelligence (AI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
September 2025
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are efficient biological mechanisms for expanding the genetic code and for regulating cellular physiology. However, there have been no systematic approaches to profile all the PTMs critical for autoreactive neoantigen production or the etiology and pathology of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, to gain insight into protein PTMs associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we applied a mass spectrometry-based method for the comprehensive analysis of modified amino acids ("adductome").
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Inorg Chem
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Vimentin is a principal intermediate filament (IF) protein that is essential for maintaining cytoskeleton architecture and cellular mechanical integrity. Growing evidence is revealing that metal ions play critical roles in modulating the structure, assembly, and mechanics of vimentin IFs. Despite this, a detailed molecular-level understanding of vimentin-metal interactions and its functional consequences remains incomplete.
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