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In embedded extrusion 3D bioprinting, a temporary matrix preserves a paste-like filament ejecting from a narrow nozzle. For granular sacrificial matrices, the methodology is known as the freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH). Embedded extrusion 3D bioprinting methods result in more rapid and controlled manufacturing of cell-laden tissue constructs, particularly vascular and multi-component structures. This report focuses on the working principles and bioink design criteria for implementing conventional embedded extrusion and FRESH 3D bioprinting strategies. We also present a set of experimental data as a guideline for selecting the support bath or matrix. We discuss the advantages of embedded extrusion methods over conventional biomanufacturing methods. This work provides a short recipe for selecting inks and printing parameters for desired shapes in embedded extrusion and FRESH 3D bioprinting methods.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4bm00550c | DOI Listing |
Adv Healthc Mater
September 2025
Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd., 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13487, Republic of Korea.
Tissue engineering holds a significant promise for the development of bioartificial organs applicable to transplantation. However, the size of engineered tissues remains limited, primarily due to the challenge of establishing microvascular networks within tissue constructs. In this study, engineered tissues are fabricated and embedded with functional microvascular networks by assembling endothelial cell-covered spheroidal microtissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017 Xinjiang, China.
The urgent challenge of anthropogenic climate change has intensified demand for innovative carbon capture solutions. However, conventional CO capture technologies such as adsorption, absorption, and membrane separation are limited by high energy costs and scalability limitations, which restrict their viability as future-oriented solutions. This study introduces a novel microcapsule capture system (MECS) that synergizes liquid-phase selectivity and solid-phase mass transfer efficiency, overcoming kinetic bottlenecks from the low specific surface area and high viscosity of ionic liquids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMater Today Bio
August 2025
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
The engineering of 3D cell culture systems has emerged as promising approach to model central nervous system (CNS) intricacy with increasing physiological relevance. The fabrication of artificial microenvironments that closely resemble nervous tissue composition and architecture has provided useful substrates to promote neural cell growth and maturation under -like conditions; however, despite significant progress has been made in tissue mimicry, directing neural cell arrangement and connectivity in a controlled 3D environment remains extremely challenging. Here, we propose a novel approach that combines different biomaterials and biofabrication techniques to develop a multi-scaffold system mimicking distinctive features of the nervous tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
July 2025
Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, im Breisgau, Germany.
Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing support-free 3D printing has significantly faster print speed than traditional vat photopolymerization and material extrusion techniques. At the same time, tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing allows the embedding of external objects in the print volume before the print to produce complex multi part assemblies by so-called overprinting. As tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing increases its popularity, more and more of its limitations with regards to available materials are removed, and printing with acrylates, ceramics and glasses has been shown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
July 2025
Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Microgels offer unique advantages over bulk hydrogels due to their improved diffusion limits for oxygen and nutrients. Particularly, stimuli-responsive microgels with inherently bioactive and self-supporting properties emerge as highly promising biomaterials. This study unveils the development of interparticle-crosslinked, self-supporting, ion-responsive microgels tailored for 3D and 4D (bio)printing applications.
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