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Article Abstract

The scaffold proteins JIP1 and JIP2 intervene in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway to mediate signaling specificity by coordinating the simultaneous assembly of multiple kinases. Using NMR, we demonstrate that JIP1 and JIP2 heterodimerize via their SH3 domains with the affinity of heterodimerization being comparable to homodimerization. We present the high-resolution crystal structure of the JIP2-SH3 homodimer and the JIP1-JIP2-SH3 heterodimeric complex. The JIP2-SH3 structure reveals how charge differences in residues at its dimer interface lead to formation of compensatory hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, distinguishing it from JIP1-SH3. In the JIP1-JIP2-SH3 complex, structural features of each homodimer are employed to stabilize the heterodimer. Building on these insights, we identify key residues crucial for stabilizing the dimer of both JIP1 and JIP2. Through targeted mutations in cellulo, we demonstrate a functional role for the dimerization of the JIP1 and JIP2 scaffold proteins in activation of the JNK signaling pathway.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2024.06.010DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • JIP1 and JIP2 are scaffold proteins that help coordinate multiple kinases in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which is important for cellular signaling specificity.
  • Research using NMR showed that JIP1 and JIP2 can form heterodimers, and their interaction strength is similar to when they form homodimers.
  • The study presents detailed structures of both the JIP2 homodimer and the JIP1-JIP2 heterodimer, revealing how specific residues stabilize these structures and highlighting their functional importance in activating the JNK pathway through targeted mutations.
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The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that can be activated in response to a wide range of environmental stimuli. Based on the type, degree, and duration of the stimulus, the JNK signaling cascade dictates the fate of the cell by influencing gene expression through its substrate transcription factors. Oxidative stress is a result of a disturbance in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis of the cell and is associated with a large number of diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and disorders of the immune system, where it activates the JNK signaling pathway.

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mRNA translation reprogramming occurs frequently in many pathologies, including cancer and viral infection. It remains largely unknown whether viral-induced alterations in mRNA translation contribute to carcinogenesis. Most cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus infection, resulting in the malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells mainly via viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins.

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, as well as in inflammatory responses. Signal intensity and duration have been recognized as crucial parameters determining MAPK signaling output. Phosphatases play a particularly important role in this respect, by tightly controlling MAPK phosphorylation and activation.

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Scaffold proteins have been established as important mediators of signal transduction specificity. The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins represent a critical group of scaffold proteins that are required for signal transduction by the insulin receptor, including the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase. The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting proteins (JIPs) represent a different group of scaffold molecules that are implicated in the regulation of the JNK.

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