Auditory and visual alarm designs impact clinicians' perceived cognitive workload.

Healthcare settings heavily rely on clinicians' abilities to interpret vital sign alarms indicating patient decompensation. Meanwhile, clinicians are bombarded with many multisensory stimuli necessary for patient care, including simultaneous visual and auditory displays. Here, we aim to assess how our modified auditory and visual alarm designs impact clinicians' perceived cognitive workload.

Antiviral Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Against SARS-CoV-2.

Natural products possess a wide range of biological and biochemical potentials, with plant-derived compounds being significant sources for discovering new drugs. In this study, extracts of and prepared with different solvents were tested for their antiviral activity against the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and its variants using plaque assay, quantitative real time RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Our results showed that at their maximum non-toxic concentrations, Vitex-Dichloromethane (DCM) and Macaranga extracts significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain growth in Vero E6 cells, showing a 5-log reduction in plaque assay and confirmed by IFA.

Urinary incontinence in US adults aged ≥55 years with type 2 diabetes and indications for SGLT2is: NHANES 2013-2020.

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are recommended as first-line cardiorenal protective therapy in type 2 diabetes. Because SGLT2is cause glycosuria and increase urine volume, they may exacerbate incontinence symptoms among patients with pre-existing urinary incontinence. Our objective was to determine how many adults meeting guideline indications for SGLT2i have frequent urinary incontinence.

Effectiveness of a digital weight management program on diet quality: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The effect of behavioral commercial weight programs (CP) on weight loss is clear, yet their effects on diet quality are less studied.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a digital CP on diet quality compared with standard nutritional guidance (SNG) over 6 months.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.

Impact of age and prior COVID-19 on the response to influenza a components in the 2020-2021 Fluzone vaccine.

Understanding how age and prior COVID-19 infection influenced influenza vaccine responses during the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is important for identifying factors that affect vaccine efficacy and for optimizing immunization strategies in diverse populations amid co-circulating respiratory viruses. In this study, participants were enrolled during the 2020-2021 season to receive the Fluzone vaccine, and their humoral responses to the influenza A components were analyzed in relation to age and COVID-19 history. Anti-H1 hemagglutinin (HA) responses were assessed at baseline and multiple time points post-vaccination using neutralizing antibody assays against a contemporary H1-expressing pseudovirus, measurements of H1 HA-specific memory B cells, and profiling of anti-H1 IgG glycosylation.

Cross-cultural differences in weight loss maintenance: a comparison between North America and Europe.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare behavioral, psychosocial, and neighborhood environmental factors of long-term weight loss maintainers in North America and Europe.

Methods: Participants were weight loss maintainers in WeightWatchers in North America (n = 3656) and Europe (n = 624) who had maintained a ≥ 9.1 kg (21.

Expanded care planning paradigm for older adults with type 2 diabetes: Rationale, design, and protocol of the PREPARE for Your Diabetes Care randomized trial.

Background: As adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) age, they are increasingly vulnerable to treatment-related hypoglycemia and subsequent complications including falls and hospitalizations. Care planning helps patients communicate what is most important for their medical care with their family, friends, and clinicians and could help reduce treatment-related complications of T2D in older adults.

Methods: We applied an expanded care planning paradigm to the specific clinical problem of type 2 diabetes management in older patients.

The epigenetic mechanisms involved in the treatment resistance of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with almost inevitable recurrence despite multimodal management with surgical resection and radio-chemotherapy. While several genetic, proteomic, cellular, and anatomic factors interplay to drive recurrence and promote treatment resistance, the epigenetic component remains among the most versatile and heterogeneous of these factors. Herein, the epigenetic landscape of GBM refers to a myriad of modifications and processes that can alter gene expression without altering the genetic code of cancer cells.

Improved pointer in auditory alarms enhances response accuracy.

Background: Auditory alarms are crucial in clinical settings, alerting clinicians to events requiring immediate attention. However, multitasking can lead to missed alarms and disrupt patient care. Enhancing auditory alarms can improve patient safety and clinician satisfaction.

A Perspective from US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Scientists: How Your Epidemiologic Analyses Can Inform the Human Health Risk Assessment Process.

Background: Environmental epidemiologists strive to conduct research that will lead to actions that improve public health outcomes. The risk assessment process is the bridge between scientific research and policies that can impact public health. Historically, epidemiologic studies have not frequently been used to inform US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assessments outside of the context of air pollution.

Bipartite binding of the intrinsically disordered scaffold protein JIP1 to the kinase JNK1.

Scaffold proteins are key players in many signaling pathways where they ensure spatial and temporal control of molecular interactions by simultaneous tethering of multiple signaling components. The protein JIP1 acts as a scaffold within the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway by assembling three kinases, MLK3, MKK7, and JNK, into a macromolecular complex that enables their specific activation. The recruitment of these kinases depends on the 450-amino acid intrinsically disordered tail of JIP1, however, the structural details of this tail and the molecular mechanisms by which it binds kinases have remained elusive.

Within-person changes in objectively measured activity levels as a predictor of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: The evaluate the association between changes in accelerometry-derived activity patterns and brain atrophy in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods: We included PwMS aged ≥40 years with approximately annual brain MRI who wore GT9X Actigraph accelerometers every three months over two years. Functional principal components analysis (fPCA) summarized overall activity and timing.

Do Performance Goals and Fixed Mindset Explicate the Relations Between Stereotype Threat and Achievement? Examining Differences Between Racially Marginalized and White Students in STEM.

This study examined whether performance goal orientations and mindset beliefs explicate the negative relation of ethnic stereotype threat with achievement and whether these processes vary depending on students' membership in a historically minoritized group. Multigroup analyses of undergraduate chemistry students ( = 1,376) indicated that perceived ethnic stereotype threat was associated with lower achievement regardless of whether students were from underrepresented minority groups (URM). For URM students, compared to White students, ethnic stereotype threat more strongly predicted performance-avoidance goals.

Elucidating allergic reaction mechanisms in response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in adults.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, novel nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines were developed. A small number of individuals developed allergic reactions to these vaccines although the mechanisms remain undefined.

Methods: To understand COVID-19 vaccine-mediated allergic reactions, we enrolled 19 participants who developed allergic events within 2 h of vaccination and 13 controls, nonreactors.

Feeding Practices of Stable Term and Late Preterm Neonates Born at a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal COVID-19 infection and separation of the mother-baby dyad on feeding practices by determining modes of feeding upon discharge and following up at 2-3 days, 14 days, and 1 month post-discharge.

Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at the Philippine General Hospital, a tertiary government COVID-19 referral center in Manila. Mothers who delivered between the months of July and August 2021, and whose COVID-19 status was known were followed up on their baby's mode of feeding at 2-3 days, 14 days, and 1 month post-discharge via phone call.

Passive sensing of smartphone use, physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The research that links excessive screen time to adverse health outcomes is based on self-reported screen use. Few studies have documented how passively-sensed smartphone and app use relate to health behaviors like activity and sitting. Furthermore, they have not considered that daily fluctuations in smartphone/app use may have different relationships to these behaviors than a person's usual smartphone/app use.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of birth weight and perfluorohexane sulfonate exposures: examination of sample timing and study confidence.

We examined the association between mean birth weight (BW) differences and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) exposure biomarkers.We fit a random effects model to estimate the overall pooled effect and for different strata based on biomarker sample timing and overall study confidence. We also conducted an analysis to examine the impact of a continuous measure of gestational age sample timing on the overall pooled effect.

Propensity weighted analysis of chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis agents in isolated severe traumatic brain injury: An EAST sponsored multicenter study.

Background: In patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), clinicians must balance preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) with the risk of intracranial hemorrhagic expansion (ICHE). We hypothesized that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) would not increase risk of ICHE or VTE as compared to unfractionated heparin (UH) in patients with severe TBI.

Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years of age with isolated severe TBI (AIS ≥ 3), admitted to 24 level I and II trauma centers between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020 and who received subcutaneous UH and LMWH injections for chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTEP) were included.

Unexpected Medical Conditions Discovered During Live Donor Kidney Evaluation: Single Center Study.

Objectives: Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the preferred method of treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Potential living kidney donors (PLKD) are evaluated through a thorough medical, psychological and surgical work-up to ensure successful transplantation with minimal risks to all parties involved. The transplant center at Rhode Island Hospital has noticed an increasing number of PLKDs excluded from donation due to conditions newly diagnosed during the screening process.

Continuous Glucose Monitor Metrics Are Associated with Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations for Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia, but Have Low Predictive Value.

Determine whether continuous glucose monitor (CGM) metrics can provide actionable advance warning of an emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization for hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic (dysglycemic) events. Two nested case-control studies were conducted among insulin-treated diabetes patients at Kaiser Permanente, who shared their CGM data with their providers. Cases included dysglycemic events identified from ED and hospital records (2016-2021).