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Multienzyme cascades (MECs) have gained much attention in synthetic chemistry but remain far from being a reliable synthetic tool. Here we report a four-enzyme cascade comprising a cofactor-independent and a cofactor self-sustaining bienzymatic modules for the enantioselective benzylic C-H amination of arylalkanes, a challenging transformation from bulk chemicals to high value-added chiral amines. The two modules were subsequently optimized by enzyme co-immobilization with microenvironmental tuning, and finally integrated in a gas-liquid segmented flow system, resulting in simultaneous improvements in enzyme performance, mass transfer, system compatibility, and productivity. The flow system enabled continuous C-H amination of arylalkanes (up to 100 mM) utilizing the sole cofactor NADH (0.5 mM) in >90 % conversion, achieving a high space-time yield (STY) of 3.6 g ⋅ L ⋅ h, which is a 90-fold increase over the highest value previously reported.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202407778 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
The activation of methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons at low temperature remains a substantial challenge for the chemistry community. Here, we report an anaerobic photosystem based on crystalline borocarbonitride (BCN) supported Fe-O nanoclusters, which can selectively functionalize C-H bonds of methane, ethane, and higher alkanes to value-added organic chemicals at 12 °C. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy corroborated the ultrafine FeOOH and FeO species in Fe-O clusters, which enhanced the interfacial charge transfer/separation of BCN as well as the chemisorption of methane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Iron complexes bearing chiral salicyloxazoline (Salox) ligands catalyze the enantioselective intramolecular C-H bond amination of alkyl azides, reaching 58-76% ee for benzylic C-H bonds. Further, for the first time aliphatic C-H bond amination is demonstrated (∼40% ee). This class of catalysts even activates primary aliphatic C-H bonds, albeit with moderate ee.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Catal
July 2025
Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Despite increasing demand for chiral fluorinated organic molecules, enantioselective C-H fluorination remains among the most challenging and sought-after transformations in organic synthesis. Furthermore, utilizing nucleophilic sources of fluorine is especially desirable for F-radiolabelling. To date, methods for enantioselective nucleophilic fluorination of inert C(sp)-H bonds remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
While it has been appreciated for decades that lysosomes can import cysteine, its significance for whole-organism physiology has remained uncertain. Recent work identified MFSD12 as a transmembrane protein required for cysteine import into lysosomes (and melanosomes), enabling genetic interrogation of this pathway. Here, we show that knockout mice die between embryonic days 10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
We describe a strategy for aminating pyridines and other azines via phosphonium salt intermediates. Precisely tuning the electronic properties of the phosphonium ion was key for C─N bond formation via an SAr-halogenation, SAr-amination sequence. The process couples a wide range of amine classes with pyridines and is viable for applications such as late-stage amination of complex pharmaceuticals and fragment-fragment coupling reactions.
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