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Olfaction feedback systems could be utilized to stimulate human emotion, increase alertness, provide clinical therapy, and establish immersive virtual environments. Currently, the reported olfaction feedback technologies still face a host of formidable challenges, including human perceivable delay in odor manipulation, unwieldy dimensions, and limited number of odor supplies. Herein, we report a general strategy to solve these problems, which associates with a wearable, high-performance olfactory interface based on miniaturized odor generators (OGs) with advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. The OGs serve as the core technology of the intelligent olfactory interface, which exhibit milestone advances in millisecond-level response time, milliwatt-scale power consumption, and the miniaturized size. Empowered by robust AI algorithms, the olfactory interface shows its great potentials in latency-free mixed reality (MR) and fast olfaction enhancement, thereby establishing a bridge between electronics and users for broad applications ranging from entertainment, to education, to medical treatment, and to human machine interfaces.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48884-z | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan.
Chemical sensor arrays mimic the mammalian olfactory system to achieve artificial olfaction, and receptor materials resembling olfactory receptors are being actively developed. To realize practical artificial olfaction, it is essential to provide guidelines for developing effective receptor materials based on the structure-activity relationship. In this study, we demonstrated the visualization of the relationship between sensing signal features and odorant molecular features using an explainable AI (XAI) technique.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comput Aided Mol Des
August 2025
Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics LR 18 ES 18, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Environnement Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
To comprehend the olfaction process at a microscopic level, further elucidation of its multiple stages was essential. The content of this study served as an initial step towards achieving this goal via the examination of the adsorption of geosmin molecules on polar bear and camel olfactory receptors. The tested odorant, which is a common volatile sesquiterpenoid produced by microorganisms, was responsible for degrading the quality of various beverages, foods, and drinking water due to its unpleasant "earthy/musty" off-flavor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Transplant
August 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Schwann cell (SC) transplantation is considered as a promising strategy for spinal cord injury. However, SCs show less capability in assisting the regenerative axons to penetrate through astrocyte (AS)-formed scar barrier. Anosmin-1, an extracellular matrix glycosylated adhesion protein expressed in the olfactory bulb, is involved in olfactory ensheathing cells and reborn olfactory nerve axons continually penetrating the glial barrier and targeting the olfactory bulb.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMikrochim Acta
August 2025
Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, Zhejiang, China.
A 0D/1D/2D Au/PANI/MoS hierarchical nanocomposite based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) was successfully synthesized through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. This composite overcomes the performance bottlenecks of single or dual-component combinations through a multi-dimensional synergy of "interface coordination-charge penetration-path optimization-stability enhancement." The built-in electric field generated by the p-n heterojunction formed between PANI and MoS₂ can drive the directional migration of carriers, thereby optimizing the carrier transport process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2025
Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
Spatial transcriptomics links gene expression with tissue morphology, however, current tools often prioritize genomic analysis, lacking integrated image interpretation. To address this, we present Thor, a comprehensive platform for cell-level analysis of spatial transcriptomics and histological images. Thor employs an anti-shrinking Markov diffusion method to infer single-cell spatial transcriptome from spot-level data, effectively combining gene expression and cell morphology.
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