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Our primary objectives in this study were to translate and provide psychometric support for the Coach Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) Portuguese version, assess its invariance across sex, and explore its nomological validity in relation to enjoyment. Our sample participants were 470 athletes (226 females, 244 males) aged between 16 to 39 years from various individual and team sports. We found that the translated Portuguese version of the CART-Q exhibited satisfactory test-retest reliability and can serve as a reliable tool for evaluating the core constructs of the coach-athlete relationship - closeness, commitment, and complementarity. Moreover, this instrument showed evidence of nomological validity through significant positive correlations between its underlying factors and athletes' enjoyment with their sport. The proposed model for explaining item variance was also found to be invariant between male and female respondents. We recommend further use of this instrument in research and practical applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125241254437 | DOI Listing |
Front Sports Act Living
July 2025
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
This study represents one of the initial efforts to analyse a coach-athlete conversational dataset using freely available GPT tools and a pre-determined, context-specific, prompt-based analyses framework (i.e., R-PIASS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychol Sport Exerc
November 2025
Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, NHS, UK.
Elite athletes face a range of challenges throughout their careers including injury, selection, funding status, and retirement. To support athletes to plan for and overcome these challenges, Career Assistance Programs (CAPs) have been developed to support personal and professional development, yet engagement with these services remains low. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived barriers to athletes' engagement with personal development within the UK High-Performance sport system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
July 2025
Ice and Snow Sports System, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Introduction: Competitive sport often imposes significant physical and psychological stress, making athlete burnout a primary concern. This mixed-methods study investigated the interplay of goal orientation, coach-athlete relationship (CAR) quality, and athlete burnout among Chinese collegiate athletes, considering unique cultural and systemic pressures.
Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed.
This study identifies factors distinguishing selected and non-selected young Brazilian taekwondo athletes, focusing on physical attributes, age, maturity, sociodemographic, training characteristics, and psychosocial factors. One hundred and forty-nine athletes (77 males, 72 females) were divided into selected ( = 99) and non-selected ( = 50) groups. Anthropometric measurements (body mass and stature) and training characteristics (years of practice, weekly training duration) were assessed, followed by psychosocial questionnaires (sources of enjoyment, coach-athlete relationship, and sport mental health continuum).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
June 2025
Sports Institute, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.
In the Chinese cultural context, the coach-athlete relationship has a certain hierarchical structure, is dominated by coach-centered formal training, and its development is influenced by history and culture. Based on the 3Cs theory, this study constructs a mechanism model of how coach - athlete relationship impacts team performance. Using structural equation modeling, multilevel path analysis was conducted on 1,566 cross-sport athletes.
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