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Current clinical guidelines recommend mismatch repair (MMR) protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) or molecular microsatellite instability (MSI) tests as predictive markers of immunotherapies. Most of the pathological guidelines consider MMR protein IHC as the gold standard test to identify cancers with MMR deficiency and recommend molecular MSI tests only in special circumstances or to screen for Lynch syndrome. However, there are data in the literature which suggest that the two test types may not be equal. For example, molecular epidemiology studies reported different rates of deficient MMR (dMMR) and MSI in various cancer types. Additionally, direct comparisons of the two tests revealed relatively frequent discrepancies between MMR IHC and MSI tests, especially in non-colorectal and non-endometrial cancers and in cases with unusual dMMR phenotypes. There are also scattered clinical data showing that the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is different if the patient selection was based on dMMR versus MSI status of the cancers. All these observations question the current dogma that dMMR phenotype and genetic MSI status are equal predictive markers of the immunotherapies.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11036414 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/pore.2024.1611719 | DOI Listing |
Introduction: The use of pembrolizumab in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-high) and tumor mutation burden-high (TMB-high) prostate cancer in Japan is not widely reported. Here, we report the case of a patient with MSI-high and TMB-high prostate cancer who responded well to pembrolizumab after multiple systemic treatments.
Case Presentation: A 68-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with cT4N1M1a prostate cancer.
Acad Radiol
September 2025
Department of Radiology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Fucheng Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China (P.S., S.L., N.X.). Electronic address:
Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a non-invasive deep learning model that integrates voxel-level radiomics with multi-sequence MRI to predict microsatellite instability (MSI) status in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).
Methods: This two-center retrospective study included 375 patients with pathologically confirmed EC from two medical centers. Patients underwent preoperative multiparametric MRI (T2WI, DWI, CE-T1WI), and MSI status was determined by immunohistochemistry.
Int J Gynecol Cancer
August 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Objective: We sought to validate the prognostic utility of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)-based molecular stratification for patients with endometrial carcinoma and to assess co-occurring biomarkers across subtypes.
Methods: This study included patients from a de-identified nationwide (US-based) endometrial cancer clinicogenomic database who underwent CGP testing as part of routine care. Molecular subtypes were classified as POLE mutated (POLEmut), MSI-H, TP53 mutated (TP53mut), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP).
Eur J Radiol
August 2025
Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 Guangdong, China. Electronic address:
Purpose: To develop and validate an interpretable radiomics model using dual-layer detector spectral CT (DLSCT)-derived iodine maps to preoperatively predict Microsatellite instability (MSI) status in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Method: A total of 255 CRC patients who underwent DLSCT were retrospectively included from two independent centers. Tumor iodine concentrations (IC) and normalized iodine concentrations (NIC) were measured and calculated.
BMC Plant Biol
August 2025
Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, PO box 12613, Giza, Egypt.
Background: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a globally important fruit crop, but its sensitivity to salt stress poses a serious threat to its sustainable cultivation. Salt stress impairs mango growth through osmotic imbalance, ion toxicity, oxidative damage, and reduced nutrient uptake.
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