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The simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) has been utilized in a variety of artificial intelligence analyses owing to its capability of representing chemical structures using line notation. However, its ease of representation is limited, which has led to the proposal of BigSMILES as an alternative method suitable for the representation of macromolecules. Nevertheless, research on BigSMILES remains limited due to its preprocessing requirements. Thus, this study proposes a conversion workflow of BigSMILES, focusing on its automated generation from SMILES representations of homopolymers. BigSMILES representations for 4,927,181 records are provided, thereby enabling its immediate use for various research and development applications. Our study presents detailed descriptions on a validation process to ensure the accuracy, interchangeability, and robustness of the conversion. Additionally, a systematic overview of utilized codes and functions that emphasizes their relevance in the context of BigSMILES generation are produced. This advancement is anticipated to significantly aid researchers and facilitate further studies in BigSMILES representation, including potential applications in deep learning and further extension to complex structures such as copolymers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03212-4 | DOI Listing |
Acad Radiol
September 2025
In-Service Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.-C.K., S.-J.P.); Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (S.-J.P.). Electronic address: sjpeng2
Rationale And Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) remains the primary modality for assessing renal tumors; however, tumor identification and segmentation rely heavily on manual interpretation by clinicians, which is time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variability. The heterogeneity of tumor appearance and indistinct margins further complicate accurate delineation, impacting histopathological classification, treatment planning, and prognostic assessment. There is a pressing clinical need for an automated segmentation tool to enhance diagnostic workflows and support clinical decision-making with results that are reliable, accurate, and reproducible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Infect Microbiol
September 2025
Department of Neonatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
The neonatal period is a critical stage for microbial colonization and immune system development, with dynamic changes in the microbiome closely linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Traditional microbiological testing methods have low sensitivity and time-consuming limitations compared to metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which makes it difficult to meet the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of critically ill neonates. mNGS analyzes the total DNA in a sample without bias, allowing comprehensive identification of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and resolution of functional genes, providing new avenues for precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal meningitis, neonatal jaundice, and other diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZ Med Phys
September 2025
Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
Context: Pre-clinical animal studies are pivotal for understanding the radiation effects in particle therapy. However, small animal research often relies on highly customized in-house solutions. This study introduces a comprehensive, open-source data processing pipeline specifically developed for pre-clinical particle irradiation research in a multi-vendor setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Orthop
December 2025
Department of Spine Anesthesia, Manipal Comprehensive Spine Care Centre, Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560017, India.
Background: Robot-assisted pedicle screw placement demonstrates superior accuracy over conventional techniques, yet proprietary ecosystems limit implant compatibility and surgical choice. Can a custom screwdriver enable third-party instrumentation while maintaining navigational precision within the Mazor X Stealth Edition robotic system?
Methods: This retrospective comparative single-center study analysed 100 consecutive patients undergoing robot-assisted thoracolumbar fusion using custom screwdriver instrumentation (July-December 2024) versus 100 historical controls using standard proprietary instrumentation (October 2023-June 2024). The custom screwdriver had shaft dimensions matched to the robotic arm guide and navigation tracker compatibility.
Natl Sci Rev
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Relay catalysis integrates multiple catalytic reactions to efficiently transform intermediates and enhance conversion and selectivity. However, designing these pathways and multifunctional catalysts is often lengthy and costly, heavily relying on in-depth literature analysis by experienced researchers. To address this, we developed an approach that combines a knowledge graph (KG) and large language models (LLMs) to automatically recommend multistep catalytic reaction pathways.
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