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The unique physical and biological characteristics of proton and carbon ions allow for improved sparing of normal tissues, decreased integral dose to the body, and increased biological effect through high linear energy transfer. These properties are particularly useful for sarcomas given their histology, wide array of locations, and age of diagnosis. This review summarizes the literature and describes the clinical situations in which these heavy particles have advantages for treating sarcomas.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.02.003 | DOI Listing |
Turk J Pharm Sci
September 2025
İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Objectives: This study focused on synthesizing and characterizing novel thiosemicarbazide derivatives containing a 1,2,4-triazole moiety and evaluating their antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains. The research aimed to identify key structural features that enhance antimicrobial efficacy through structure-activity relationship analysis and identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most potent compounds to assess their potential for further development as antimicrobial agents.
Materials And Methods: Nine novel thiosemicarbazide derivatives containing a 1,2,4-triazole moiety were synthesized by reacting 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with thiosemicarbazide precursors, and the products were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
FEBS J
September 2025
Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA.
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a critical enzyme in the one-carbon (1C) metabolism pathway catalyzing the reversible conversion of L-Ser into Gly and concurrent transfer of 1C unit to tetrahydrofolate (THF) to give 5,10-methylene-THF (5,10-MTHF), which is used in the downstream syntheses of biomolecules critical for cell proliferation. The cellular 1C metabolism is hijacked by many cancer types to support cancer cell proliferation, making SHMT a promising target for the design and development of novel small-molecule antimetabolite chemotherapies. To advance structure-assisted drug design, knowledge of SHMT catalysis is crucial, but can only be fully realized when the atomic details of each reaction step governed by the acid-base catalysis are elucidated by visualizing active site hydrogen atoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
Cyanobacteria achieve highly efficient photosynthesis using a CO-concentrating mechanism relying on specialized Type I (NDH-1) complexes. Among these, NDH-1 and NDH-1 catalyze redox-coupled hydration of CO to bicarbonate, supporting carbon fixation in carboxysomes. The mechanism of coupling electron transfer to CO-hydration by these variant NDH-1 complexes remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
September 2025
Departamento de Química Orgánica e Instituto de Biomoléculas (INBIO), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain.
Isothiouronium and thiazolidinium salts are sulfur-containing scaffolds commonly found in bioactive molecules. We report an expeditive one-pot, two-step procedure for the rapid synthesis of isothiouronium salts from carbon disulfide under microwave irradiation, allowing their isolation in less than 30 min and in good to excellent yields, without the need for a catalyst. When propargyl bromide is used as an alkylating agent, the corresponding isothiouronium salt undergoes an intramolecular cyclization during silica gel chromatography, affording a thiazolidinium salt.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
August 2025
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
During the electrochemical conversion of CO to acetate on copper-based catalysts, the electrolyte concentration plays a crucial role in acetate selectivity. However, the correlation between the electrolyte concentration and the local microenvironment as well as the reaction kinetics remains unclear. In this work, we report for the first time the impact of KOH concentration on the solvent structure and reaction kinetics for CO reduction to acetate using advanced computational methods.
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