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Rebound bone loss following denosumab discontinuation is an important clinical challenge. Current treatment strategies to prevent this fail to suppress the rise and overshoot in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In this study, we use a murine model of denosumab treatment and discontinuation to show the temporal changes in osteoclast formation and activity during RANKL inhibition and withdrawal. We show that the cellular processes that drive the formation of osteoclasts and subsequent bone resorption following withdrawal of RANKL inhibition precede the rebound bone loss. Furthermore, a rise in serum TRAP and RANKL levels is detected before markers of bone turnover used in current clinical practice. These mechanistic advances may provide insight into a more defined window of opportunity to intervene with sequential therapy following denosumab discontinuation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbmr/zjae023 | DOI Listing |
Int Immunopharmacol
September 2025
Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Childrens Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Electronic address:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with imbalanced subchondral bone remodeling, and there is currently no curative treatment available. In OA, excessive osteoclast activity leads to bone loss and inflammatory responses. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator already used in treating psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, may alleviate OA by suppressing oxidative stress and osteoclastogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
September 2025
Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address:
Background: Bone remodeling constitutes an intricate physiological process essential for maintaining skeletal integrity. Hyperactivation of osteoclastogenesis precipitates excessive resorption of osseous tissue, consequently engendering osteoporotic pathology. The formulation of effective anti-resorptive therapeutic modalities remains a potential strategy in the clinical management of osteoporosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Gerontol Geriatr
August 2025
Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Provinc
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) features reduced bone mass and deteriorated bone microstructure, increasing fracture risk. Estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclast overactivation is a primary driver. OCP-001, a novel highly selective HDAC1 inhibitor, was investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
August 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China.
Cadmium (Cd), a pervasive environmental and industrial toxicant, bioaccumulates and exerts severe detrimental effects on skeletal integrity across diverse animal species. Cd-induced bone injury manifests as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and increased fracture risk, posing significant health and welfare concerns for wildlife and livestock inhabiting contaminated ecosystems. The pathogenesis hinges critically on the disruption of bone remodeling, a tightly regulated process orchestrated by osteoclasts (OCs) responsible for bone resorption and osteoblasts (OBs) responsible for bone formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
August 2025
School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 2
Bisphenol A (BPA) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are ubiquitous endocrine disruptors implicated in bone metabolism disorders, but their precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that BPA and DBP bidirectionally disrupt bone homeostasis by targeting CD36 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Mechanistically, both chemicals upregulate CD36 expression, which sequesters ATG9a at the Golgi apparatus, inhibits autophagosome maturation, and thereby impairs osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as evidenced by reduced ALP and RUNX-2 levels.
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