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Background: Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a highly reliable method for validating gene expression data in molecular studies due to its sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency. To ensure accurate qPCR results, it's essential to normalize the expression data using stable reference genes.
Methods: This study aimed to identify suitable reference genes for qPCR studies in goats by evaluating 18 candidate reference genes (ACTB, BACH1, B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT1, PGK1, PPIA, PPIB, RPLP0, RPL19, RPS9, RPS15, RPS28, SDHA, TBP, UXT, and YWHAZ) in 10 different caprine tissues (heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, rumen, skin, spleen, and testis). An integrated tool called RefFinder, which incorporates various algorithms like NormFinder, GeNorm, BestKeeper, and ΔCt, was used to assess the stability of expression among these genes.
Results: After thorough analysis, ACTB, PPIB, and B2M emerged as the most stable reference genes, while RPL19, RPS15, and RPS9 were found to be the least stable. The suitability of the selected internal control genes was further validated through target gene analysis, confirming their efficacy in ensuring accurate gene expression profiling in goats.
Conclusion: The study determined that the geometric average of ACTB, PPIB, and B2M creates an appropriate normalization factor for gene expression studies in goat tissues.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09268-0 | DOI Listing |
Pathol Res Pract
September 2025
Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Electronic address:
Background: Dermal clear cell sarcoma (DCCS) is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. Owing to the overlaps in its morphological and immunophenotypic profiles with a broad spectrum of tumors exhibiting melanocytic differentiation, it is frequently misdiagnosed as other tumor entities in clinical practice. By systematically analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotypic features, and molecular biological properties of DCCS, this study intends to further enhance pathologists' understanding of this disease and provide a valuable reference for its accurate diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJCO Precis Oncol
September 2025
Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy.
Purpose: Tumor comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) may detect potential germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) alterations as secondary findings. We analyzed the frequency of potentially germline variants and large rearrangements (LRs) in the RATIONAL study, an Italian multicenter, observational clinical trial that collects next-generation sequencing-based tumor profiling data, and evaluated how these findings were managed by the enrolling centers.
Patients And Methods: Patients prospectively enrolled in the pathway-B of the RATIONAL study and undergoing CGP with the FoundationOne CDx assays were included in the analysis.
Nephrol Dial Transplant
September 2025
Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
Adolescents and young adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with genetic kidney diseases, face unique challenges as they transition from pediatric to adult nephrology care. This period is marked not only by changes in healthcare providers but also by significant developmental, psychosocial, and medical complexities. In response, the ERA Working Group on Genes and Kidney and the ESPN Working Group on Inherited Kidney Diseases have collaborated to develop practical advice for healthcare professionals involved in transition care across Europe and beyond.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
September 2025
Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Unlabelled: There is a considerable interest in the association between and colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, it was suggested that this association is valid only for a distinct clade of ( C2) and that strains belonging to another clade ( C1) are only associated with the oral cavity. It was further suggested that this made C1 a natural comparator when looking for candidate genes associated with the pathogenicity of C2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Nutr
August 2025
Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
Background: Emerging evidence suggests vitamin D plays a dual role in immune regulation, yet its interplay with genetic susceptibility in early-life allergy development remains poorly understood. This prospective cohort study investigated whether cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels interact with immunoregulatory gene variants to influence childhood food allergy risk.
Methods: A total of 1,049 mother-infant pairs from the Shanghai Allergy Cohort were stratified by cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations (<15, 15-25, >25 ng/mL).