Sex-disaggregated patterns in tuberculosis treatment coverage and outcomes among a nationally representative sample of deaths in India: 2019-2022.

Background: We report on TB treatment coverage and outcomes by sex among a nationally representative sample of deaths in the background of the national framework for a gender-responsive approach to TB adopted by India.

Methods: Detailed interviews were undertaken for a nationally representative sample of deaths of all ages between 2019 and 2022 from the adult most knowledgeable about the deceased. Details about TB treatment were documented for females and males for whom history of TB diagnosis ever.

Visualizing the nucleating and capped states of f-actin by Ca-gelsolin: Saxs data based structures of binary and ternary complexes.

Structural insight eludes on how full-length gelsolin depolymerizes and caps filamentous (F-)actin, while the same entity can nucleate polymerization of G-actins. Analyzing small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data, we deciphered assemblies which enable these contrasting processes. Mixing Ca-gelsolin with F-actin in high salt F-buffer resulted in depolymerization of ordered F-actin rods to smaller sized species which became monodispersed upon dialysis with low salt G-buffer.

Comprehensive evaluation and validation of optimal reference genes for normalization of qPCR data in different caprine tissues.

Background: Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a highly reliable method for validating gene expression data in molecular studies due to its sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency. To ensure accurate qPCR results, it's essential to normalize the expression data using stable reference genes.

Methods: This study aimed to identify suitable reference genes for qPCR studies in goats by evaluating 18 candidate reference genes (ACTB, BACH1, B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT1, PGK1, PPIA, PPIB, RPLP0, RPL19, RPS9, RPS15, RPS28, SDHA, TBP, UXT, and YWHAZ) in 10 different caprine tissues (heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, rumen, skin, spleen, and testis).

Identification and validation of stable reference genes for expression profiling of target genes in diverse ovine tissues.

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a widely-used technique for quantifying the expression of target genes across various tissues, as well as under different pathological and physiological conditions. One of the challenges associated with this method is the need to identify optimal reference genes (RGs) that maintain consistent expression levels under diverse experimental settings, thereby ensuring accurate biological interpretation. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of 18 candidate RGs (ACTB, BACH1, B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT1, PGK1, PPIA, PPIB, RPLP0, RPL19, RPS9, RPS15, RPS28, SDHA, TBP, UXT, and YWHAZ) across 10 ovine tissues (muscle, skin, kidney, liver, intestine, rumen, lung, testis, heart, and spleen) obtained from five individual sheep.

Exploring the Transcriptome Dynamics of In Vivo Infection in Crossbred Cattle.

The molecular changes occurring in the host in response to in vivo parasitic infection are not well understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the differential expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) across -infected and non-infected crossbred cows. The differential expression profiles from PBMCs of infected and non-infected crossbred cows were generated by RNA sequencing.

Quality of life and self-reported disability in patients with osteoarthritis: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease in which the cartilage in the joints deteriorates and the bones rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and restricted range of motion. This is an age-related condition that affects initially isolated joints or joints on one aspect of the body. The aim of the study is to identify quality of life and self-reported disability in patients with osteoarthritis.

Unraveling the genetic mechanisms governing the host response to bovine anaplasmosis.

Bovine anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne disease of livestock with widespread prevalence and huge economic implications. In order to get new insights into modulation of host gene expression in response to natural infections of anaplasmosis, this study is the first attempt that compared the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of A. marginale infected and healthy crossbred cattle.

Validation of stable reference genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for expression studies involving vector-borne haemoparasitic diseases in bovines.

Normalization of gene expression data using appropriate reference genes is critical to diminish any technical bias in an experiment involving quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report offering a systematic assessment of 14 potential reference genes (RPLP0, ACTB, RPS28, YWHAZ, SDHA, PPIA, RPS9, RPS15, UXT, GAPDH, B2M, BACH1, HMBS, and PPIB) for the identification of the most stable normalizers for qPCR of target genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of bovines for vector-borne haemoparasitic diseases such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, theileriosis, and trypanosomiasis. A total of 38 blood samples were collected from healthy as well as diseased cattle and buffaloes representing different haemoparasitic diseases.

Expression profiling of cytokine genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected and healthy cattle.

In this study, changes in expression profiles of genes encoding 14 cytokines (1, and ) were investigated amongst six infected and six healthy crossbred cattle. Health status of the animals was determined based on clinical signs, blood smear examination and molecular detection using -specific primers. Total RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the infected animals as well as the healthy controls, which was further reverse transcribed to cDNA.

Comparative expression profiling of cytokine genes in Theileria annulata-infected and healthy cattle.

Theileriosis is one of the top ten economically important diseases in cattle in India. Cytokines are considered important mediators and regulators of the immune response to an infection. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of fourteen cytokines (IL1A, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, IL16, TGFB1, TNFA, IFNA and IFNB) were compared in Theileria annulata-infected and healthy crossbred cattle.

Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale for Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units: Development and Validation.

Background: Stress at workplace keep individual at extreme pressure and leads to exhaustion and inability to deal with stressful situation which causes burnout. Continuous stress on workplace causes multiple physical as well as psychological manifestations. Due to more demanding job nurses are more prone to burnout syndrome at workplace.

First report on delineation of differentially expressed genes and pathways in milk somatic cells of mastitic and healthy Murrah buffaloes.

Despite immense contribution of buffaloes as dairy species, limited studies have addressed the bubaline mastitis as compared to cattle. This was the first differential transcriptomic study investigating the alterations induced by clinical mastitis in buffalo milk relative to healthy controls. Comparative gene expression profiling of three biological replicates of each group identified 1014 up-regulated and 999 down-regulated genes in the diseased buffaloes (Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.

Online learning in nursing students: Satisfaction and barriers.

Background: The nationwide coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and ensuing lockdown has enforced institutions crosswise India to provisionally close to inhibit the spread of the virus and started online learning for students. To measure the level of satisfaction of nursing students with online learning and to identify the barriers which restrict to online learning.

Materials And Methods: The current study adopted quantitative research approach with an online survey research design and carried out during May-June 2020.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Gelsolin in Acetic Acid Induced Writhing, Tail Immersion and Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema in Mice.

Plasma gelsolin levels significantly decline in several disease conditions, since gelsolin gets scavenged when it depolymerizes and caps filamentous actin released in the circulation following tissue injury. It is well established that our body require/implement inflammatory and analgesic responses to protect against cell damage and injury to the tissue. This study was envisaged to examine analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of exogenous gelsolin (8 mg/mouse) in mice models of pain and acute inflammation.

Plasma gelsolin levels decrease in diabetic state and increase upon treatment with F-actin depolymerizing versions of gelsolin.

The study aims to map plasma gelsolin (pGSN) levels in diabetic humans and mice models of type II diabetes and to evaluate the efficacy of gelsolin therapy in improvement of diabetes in mice. We report that pGSN values decrease by a factor of 0.45 to 0.

Sonorensin: an antimicrobial peptide, belonging to the heterocycloanthracin subfamily of bacteriocins, from a new marine isolate, Bacillus sonorensis MT93.

Marine environments are the greatest fronts of biodiversity, representing a resource of unexploited or unknown microorganisms and new substances having potential applications. Among microbial products, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received great attention recently due to their applications as food preservatives and therapeutic agents. A new marine soil isolate producing an AMP was identified as Bacillus sonorensis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.

Studies on xylitol production by metabolic pathway engineered Debaryomyces hansenii.

Debaryomyces hansenii is one of the most promising natural xylitol producers. As the conversion of xylitol to xylulose mediated by NAD(+) cofactor dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) reduces its xylitol yield, xylitol dehydrogenase gene (DhXDH)-disrupted mutant of D. hansenii having potential for xylose assimilating pathway stopping at xylitol, was used to study the effects of co-substrates, xylose and oxygen availability on xylitol production.

Global shapes of F-actin depolymerization-competent minimal gelsolins: insight into the role of g2-g3 linker in pH/Ca2+ insensitivity of the first half.

Because of its ability to rapidly depolymerize F-actin, plasma gelsolin has emerged as a therapeutic molecule in different disease conditions. High amounts of exogenous gelsolin are, however, required to treat animal models of different diseases. Knowing that the F-actin depolymerizing property of gelsolin resides in its N terminus, we made several truncated versions of plasma gelsolin.

Visualizing the elusive open shape of G-actin in solution by SAXS data analysis.

Though biochemical data upholds that ATP hydrolysis induces an opening of the nucleotide binding cleft, crystal structures of the G-actin in the absence of profillin represent the closed structure, regardless of the bound ATP/ADP. Analysis of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensities confirmed that ATP hydrolysis increases the radius of gyration (R(G)) and maximum linear dimension (D(max)) of G-actin molecules from 22.3 to 23.