The Aqueous Extract of L. Exerts Phytotoxicity by Modulating HO and O Levels, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Phytohormone Levels.

Allelopathic interactions between plants serve as powerful tools for weed control. Despite the increasing understanding of the allelopathic mechanisms between different plant species, the inhibitory effects of on weed growth remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted experiments to demonstrate that extract can suppress the germination of L.varruderale Kit. seeds as well as of the roots, shoots and hypocotyl elongation of seedlings. Furthermore, we observed that extract reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in the roots while increasing the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. In the shoots, extract enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. Moreover, the use of the extract led to an increase in the content of phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde, methyl indole-3-acetate, N6-isoPentenyladenosine, dihydrozeatin-7-glucoside, abscisic acid and abscisic acid glucose ester) in seedlings. Interestingly, the aqueous extract contained auxins and their analogs, which inhibited the germination and growth of . This may contribute to the mechanism of the -extract-induced suppression of growth.