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A 10-year-old, female spayed Labrador Retriever was referred for acute hepatopathy and urinary retention. Blood work from the initial presentation (day 0) revealed a severe, mixed hepatopathy. Over the course of the patient's hospitalization, the patient developed liver insufficiency. Urine was submitted for toxicological screening and revealed detection of a trace concentration of alpha-amanitin. The patient was treated supportively for alpha-amanitin intoxication and was discharged from the hospital on day 8, with most biochemical parameters being markedly improved. The patient was persistently hyporexic at the time of discharge. On day 15, at a recheck appointment, the patient had lost 2.4 kg and liver enzymology revealed improved values. On day 24, the patient was presented for anorexia and vomiting and had lost another 2.3 kg. Blood work and endocrinological testing at that time were consistent with hypoadrenocorticism. The patient was started on glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. At day 106, the patient was doing well clinically while receiving monthly mineralocorticoids and daily glucocorticoids. This case report is the first to describe the chronological association between alpha-amanitin-induced liver dysfunction and the subsequent development of adrenal insufficiency in a dog.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080500 | DOI Listing |
Toxicology
November 2025
Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. Electronic address:
α-Amanitin (α-AMA), a principal lethal compound in mushroom intoxication, induces hepatotoxicity through multifaceted and complex mechanisms. This review synthesizes current knowledge of α-AMA-induced hepatotoxicity, particularly emphasizing recent advances derived from cellular model studies. Evidence indicates that α-AMA damages hepatocytes through multiple pathways, including RNA polymerase II inhibition, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis and autophagy activation, inflammatory response elicitation, and immunotoxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anal Toxicol
May 2025
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Amatoxin-containing mushrooms, which contribute to many intoxications each year are of particular interest for clinicians and toxicologists as patients require special treatment in hospital. To confirm the presence of amatoxins, approaches for their fast, sensitive, and reliable identification must be available. Solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) is widely applied for analysis of amatoxins as this combination provides suitable sensitivity, specificity, and mass accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2024
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Kirrberger Str., Building 46, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
J Pharm Biomed Anal
September 2024
University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado, Porto 55142, Portugal. Electronic address:
Consumption of misidentified foraged mushrooms containing bicyclic amanitin octapeptides is a worldwide public health and veterinary problem, being considered one of the deadliest accidental human and canine food ingestion due to acute liver failure (ALF). Reversal of advanced ALF and complete clinical recovery can be achieved following definitive removal of accumulated amatoxin laden bile from the gallbladder. An accurate means of quantifying amanitin content in aspirated bile is, therefore, urgently needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicon
February 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: