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While STING agonists have proven to be effective preclinically as anti-tumor agents, these promising results have yet to be translated in the clinic. A STING agonist antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) could overcome current limitations by improving tumor accessibility, allowing for systemic administration as well as tumor-localized activation of STING for greater anti-tumor activity and better tolerability. In line with this effort, a STING agonist ADC platform was identified through systematic optimization of the payload, linker, and scaffold based on multiple factors including potency and specificity in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. The platform employs a potent non-cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist, a cleavable ester-based linker, and a hydrophilic PEG8-bisglucamine scaffold. A tumor-targeted ADC built with the resulting STING agonist platform induced robust and durable anti-tumor activity and demonstrated high stability and favorable pharmacokinetics in nonclinical species.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00907 | DOI Listing |
Int J Nanomedicine
September 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
The STING pathway has emerged as a therapeutic target in tumor immunotherapy due to its ability to induce interferon responses, enhance antigen presentation and activate T cells. Despite its therapeutic potential, STING pathway-based tumor immunotherapy has been limited by challenges in poor cellular delivery, rapid degradation of STING agonists, and potential systemic toxicity. Recently, advancements in nanotechnology have tried to overcome these limitations by providing platforms for more accurate and efficient targeted delivery of agonists, more moderate sustained STING pathway activation, and more efficient immune presentation and anti-tumor immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomaterials
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China. Electronic address:
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway represents a promising target in cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical translation of cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-based STING agonists remains hindered by insufficient formation of functional CDN-STING complexes. This critical bottleneck arises from two interdependent barriers: inefficient cytosolic CDN delivery and tumor-specific STING silencing via DNA methyltransferase-mediated promoter hypermethylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Integr Neurosci
August 2025
Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Background: Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a common complication of premature infants with lifelong neurological consequences. Inflammation-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been implicated as a main mechanism of secondary brain injury after GMH. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays a crucial role in inflammation, yet its involvement in GMH pathophysiology remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China.
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a central target in cancer immunotherapy, but current STING agonist therapies lack precision control, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and systematic adverse effects. Herein, we engineered a dual-locked immuno-polymeric nanoplatform (IPN) with precise spatiotemporal control over the release of STING agonists to enhance cancer immunotherapy. This platform, constructed from biocompatible poly(β-amino esters) (PBAE), incorporates the STING agonist (MSA-2) covalently linked via ester bonds, which is co-assembled with a sonosensitizer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep Med
August 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Electronic address:
Only one in five patients respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which primarily target adaptive immunity. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phophodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), the dominant hydrolase of 2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) that suppresses downstream stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling, has emerged as a promising innate immunotherapy target. However, existing ENPP1 inhibitors have been optimized for prolonged systemic residence time rather than effective target inhibition within tumors.
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