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Article Abstract
The present investigation highlights a quinoline-based small molecule probe (DEQ) for the detection of Cd among other metal ions in near-aqueous media. The probe DEQ and its Cd complex (DEQ-Cd) have been synthesized and characterized by all possible spectroscopic methods. The weakly emissive DEQ showed its strong emission in the presence of Cd, which is attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) along with the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism. The 1:1 binding mode between ligand and Cd is confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis, which is further supported by Job's plot and HRMS. The detection limit of the probe to recognize Cd was found to be as low as 89 nM. Furthermore, DEQ can act as a reversible fluorescence probe with the off-on-off mechanism by the alternative addition of Cd and EDTA. DFT and TD-DFT studies exposed the proposed mechanism after Cd insertion and the obtained results for electronic spectra are in line with the experimental results. The response towards pH was quite interesting and allowed us to study its application in live cell imaging. With all the positive results, the proposed ligand DEQ can be used as a potential probe for the detection of Cd in real-life applications.
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