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Recent studies on pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) have revealed pediatric-specific driver alterations, many of which are underrepresented in the current classification schemas. To comprehensively define the genomic landscape of pAML, we systematically categorized 895 pAML into 23 molecular categories that are mutually distinct from one another, including new entities such as or , covering 91.4% of the cohort. These molecular categories were associated with unique expression profiles and mutational patterns. For instance, molecular categories characterized by specific HOXA or HOXB expression signatures showed distinct mutation patterns of RAS pathway genes, , or , suggesting shared biological mechanisms. We show that molecular categories were strongly associated with clinical outcomes using two independent cohorts, leading to the establishment of a prognostic framework for pAML based on molecular categories and minimal residual disease. Together, this comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic framework forms the basis for future classification of pAML and treatment strategies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2925426/v1 | DOI Listing |
Nat Rev Urol
September 2025
Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
Low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is a specific category of bladder cancer with a favourable prognosis; however, its management presents several challenges. The risk of stage progression is very low, but approximately half of patients will experience recurrence within the first 5 years after diagnosis. This high propensity for recurrence, coupled with the threat of progression, mandates ongoing surveillance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Bras Pneumol
September 2025
. Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
Objectives: The 9th edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM-9) lung cancer classification is set to replace the 8th edition (TNM-8) starting in 2025. Key updates include the splitting of the mediastinal nodal category N2 into single- and multiple-station involvement, as well as the classification of multiple extrathoracic metastatic lesions as involving a single organ system (M1c1) or multiple organ systems (M1c2). This study aimed to assess how the TNM-9 revisions affect the final staging of lung cancer patients and how these changes correlate with overall survival (OS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol Appl Biochem
September 2025
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Ribonucleases (RNases) represent a distinct category of nucleases that facilitate RNA degradation into smaller components. These enzymes are particularly adept at dismantling RNA strands and other materials. A promising strategy for the targeted treatment of cancer cells involves the administration of antibody-based toxic agents designed to eliminate tumor cells specifically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Endod J
September 2025
Department of Endodontics, Advanced Educational Program in Endodontics, Health Information and Business Systems (HIBS), School of Dentistry, UAB|the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Introduction: Accurate diagnosis of pulpal health is crucial to identify the most effective therapeutic approach. However, differentiating pulpal conditions, which may require different treatment approaches, remains a challenge. This study aimed to address this gap by investigating the protein levels of 17 inflammatory biomarkers simultaneously in the dental pulp with different clinical diagnoses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
September 2025
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Sequence-controlled polyester-based alternating copolymers have attracted significant interest due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, closed-loop recyclability, and hydrolytic degradability, offering broad potential in biomedical and sustainable materials. Among the available strategies, regioselective ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of asymmetric cyclic di(thio)esters and cyclic(ester-amide)s has emerged as a promising approach for constructing alternating copolymers with precise sequence- and stereo-control, structural diversity, and tunable properties. This review classifies asymmetric cyclic monomers into two categories: (1) monomers with two aliphatic ester bonds, where regioselectivity is mainly dictated by steric differences and typically requires tailored metal catalysts; and (2) monomers with chemically distinct reactive sites (e.
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