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Article Abstract

Skunk amdoparvovirus (, SKAV) is closely related to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) and circulates primarily in striped skunks () in North America. SKAV poses a threat to mustelid species due to reported isolated infections of captive American mink () in British Columbia, Canada. We detected SKAV in a captive striped skunk in a German zoo by metagenomic sequencing. The pathological findings are dominated by lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and reveal similarities to its relative , the causative agent of Aleutian mink disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome demonstrated 94.80% nucleotide sequence identity to a sequence from Ontario, Canada. This study is the first case description of a SKAV infection outside of North America.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10221443PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15051087DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • A new amdoparvovirus called "Meles meles amdoparvovirus" (MMADV) was identified in farmed Asian badgers, with 30.6% of sampled badgers testing positive for the virus.
  • This virus was found in multiple tissue types, and genetic analysis indicated that MMADV is significantly related to other known amdoparvoviruses, suggesting it's unique enough to be classified as a new species.
  • Many infected badgers showed signs of illness, and necropsy revealed organ lesions, indicating that MMADV may pose a health risk to these animals.
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Skunk amdoparvovirus (, SKAV) is closely related to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) and circulates primarily in striped skunks () in North America. SKAV poses a threat to mustelid species due to reported isolated infections of captive American mink () in British Columbia, Canada. We detected SKAV in a captive striped skunk in a German zoo by metagenomic sequencing.

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Disease caused by the archetypical amdoparvovirus (APV), Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), has been well studied, but APV infections in other carnivores are poorly understood. Skunk amdoparvovirus (SKAV), one of a handful of newly discovered APVs, is apparently species-specific in striped skunks () and has a high prevalence across North America. We have evaluated the infection status and viral tissue distribution in a cohort of 26 free-ranging California skunks from a single rehabilitation facility who were euthanized due to poor prognosis for recovery from neurologic disease.

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Amdoparvoviruses (genus , family ) are primarily viruses of carnivorans, but recent studies have indicated that their host range might also extend to rodents and chiropterans. While their classification is based on the full sequence of the major nonstructural protein (NS1), several studies investigating amdoparvoviral diversity have been focused on partial sequences, leading to difficulties in accurately determining species demarcations and leaving several viruses unclassified. In this study, while reporting the complete genomic sequence of a novel amdoparvovirus identified in an American mink (British Columbia amdoparvovirus, BCAV), we studied the phylogenetic relationships of all amdoparvovirus-related sequences and provide a comprehensive reevaluation of their diversity and evolution.

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Natural disease and evolution of an Amdoparvovirus endemic in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Transbound Emerg Dis

September 2022

Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.

Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) densely populate the human-animal interface of suburbia throughout North America. Skunks share that habitat with numerous related mesocarnivores, where increased contact, competition for shared food and water sources and other stressors contribute to increased exposure and susceptibility to viral infection. The recently identified skunk amdoparvovirus (SKAV) has been detected at high prevalence in skunks and occasionally in mink, but its distribution in North America is unknown.

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