[Unilateral leiomyoma in the spermatic cord - a reason for intermittent colic in stallions?].

A 19-year-old Oldenburg stallion was presented multiple times over the course of several months with recurrent colic signs. At each examination, an enlargement of the scrotum was noted, which could not be further specified by palpation and ultrasonographic examination. The increase in circumference was noted both on palpation and on inspection and the size remained unchanged throughout.

Novel insights into pathomechanisms of retinal neuronal degeneration and reactive gliosis in a murine model of G-gangliosidosis.

G-gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by the accumulation of G ganglioside in neurons, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although vision impairment and retinal degeneration are well-known manifestations in humans, knowledge about the underlying mechanism of these lesions is limited. Pathological retinal changes in a Glb1 knockout (Glb1) mouse model were assessed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in 4- and 7-month-old wild type and Glb1 knockout (Glb1) mice.

Corrigendum: Infection of a β-galactosidase-deficient mouse strain with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus reveals limited immunological dysregulations in this lysosomal storage disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.

Infection of a β-galactosidase-deficient mouse strain with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus reveals limited immunological dysregulations in this lysosomal storage disease.

Introduction: A hallmark of many lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) is the alteration of immune responses, often starting before the onset of clinical disease. The present study aimed to investigate how G gangliosidosis impacted the course of an acute central nervous system (CNS) virus infection before the clinical onset of LSD.

Methods: For this purpose, and wildtype control mice (both C57BL/6 background) were intracerebrally infected with the BeAn strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) at the age of 5 weeks and sacrificed 4, 7, 14 and 98 days post infection, respectively.

Sinbaglustat ameliorates disease pathology in a murine model of G gangliosidosis without affecting CNS ganglioside levels.

Sinbaglustat is a brain-penetrating small molecule that inhibits the non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (GBA2) and, with lower potency, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). Sinbaglustat has passed clinical phase I. Our preclinical study assessed its efficacy in a transgenic mouse model of G gangliosidosis, lacking a functional β-galactosidase enzyme (Glb1).

Comparative immunohistochemical characterisation of a teratoma in a domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and a teratocarcinoma in a muscovy duck (Cairina moschata).

Background: Neoplasms consisting of two or more germinal layers are classified as teratomas if benign or as teratocarcinomas if malignant. Teratomas are rare tumours occurring in a wide range of species including mammals, birds and reptiles and only a few cases have been reported in ducks with infrequent documentation of immunohistochemical characterisation. Teratocarcinomas occur rarely and, to the authors' knowledge, have not been described or immunohistochemically characterised in ducks, yet.

Evaluating the potential of anti-dsRNA antibodies as an alternative viral sensing tool in encephalitides of different species.

Although laboratory methods have advanced, the cause of many encephalitides is still unknown. Molecular methods like multiplex PCR and microarrays are considered to be often less sensitive than Next Generation Sequencing, whereas the latter is time-consuming and costly. These analyses require appropriate tissue preparations and are more difficult to perform on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.

A multiantigenic Orf virus-based vaccine efficiently protects hamsters and nonhuman primates against SARS-CoV-2.

Among the common strategies to design next-generation COVID-19 vaccines is broadening the antigenic repertoire thereby aiming to increase efficacy against emerging variants of concern (VoC). This study describes a new Orf virus-based vector (ORFV) platform to design a multiantigenic vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens. Vaccine candidates were engineered, either expressing spike protein (ORFV-S) alone or co-expressing nucleocapsid protein (ORFV-S/N).

A New Methodology for the Oxygen Measurement in Lung Tissue of an Aged Ferret Model Proves Hypoxia during COVID-19.

Oxygen as a key element has a high impact on cellular processes. Infection with a pathogen such as SARS-CoV-2 and after inflammation may lead to hypoxic conditions in tissue that impact cellular responses. To develop optimized translational models for a better understanding of physiologic and pathophysiologic oxygen conditions, it is a prerequisite to determine oxygen concentrations generated .

A New Methodology for the Oxygen Measurement in Lung Tissue of an Aged Ferret Model Proves Hypoxia During COVID-19.

Oxygen as a key element has a high impact on cellular processes. Infection with a pathogen such as SARS-CoV-2 and following inflammation may lead to hypoxic conditions in tissue that impact cellular responses. To develop optimized translational in vitro models for a better understanding of physiologic and pathophysiologic oxygen conditions, it is a prerequisite to determine oxygen levels generated .

Rhododendron poisoning in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Northern Germany.

Poisoning is often suspected to be the origin of disease in South American camelids (SACs) by owners, but only in a few cases this assumption can be confirmed. In small ruminants, rhododendron poisoning is a common emergency for livestock veterinarians. However, this condition has rarely been reported in SACs so far.

Characterization of young and aged ferrets as animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection with focus on neutrophil extracellular traps.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures released by activated neutrophils upon infection [e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] as part of the innate immune response that have protective effects by pathogen entrapment and immobilization or result in detrimental consequences for the host due to the massive release of NETs and their impaired degradation by nucleases like DNase-1.

Uterine prolapse in a non-pregnant bitch.

A ten-year-old mixed breed bitch was presented for a tissue prolapse protruding from her vulva. Following detailed examination and stabilization, the ovaries and uterine horns were removed by laparotomy, whereas the prolapsed tissue identified as uterus including cervix was removed vaginally. Histology confirmed uterine prolapse, a rare condition in bitches usually found shortly after birth especially due to dystocia.

SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in laboratory animal tissues with 4% formaldehyde or 5% glutaraldehyde for transfer to biosafety level 1 laboratories.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required the immediate need to transfer inactivated tissue from biosafety level (BSL)-3 to BSL-1 areas to enable downstream analytical methods. No validated SARS-CoV-2 inactivation protocols were available for either formaldehyde (FA)-fixed or glutaraldehyde (GA)-fixed tissues. Therefore, representative tissue from ferrets and hamsters was spiked with 2.

ASC- and caspase-1-deficient C57BL/6 mice do not develop demyelinating disease after infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces an acute polioencephalomyelitis and a chronic demyelinating leukomyelitis in SJL mice. C57BL/6 (B6) mice generally do not develop TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) due to virus elimination. However, TMEV can persist in specific immunodeficient B6 mice such as IFNβ mice and induce a demyelinating process.

First Report of Skunk Amdoparvovirus (Species ) in Europe in a Captive Striped Skunk ().

Skunk amdoparvovirus (, SKAV) is closely related to Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) and circulates primarily in striped skunks () in North America. SKAV poses a threat to mustelid species due to reported isolated infections of captive American mink () in British Columbia, Canada. We detected SKAV in a captive striped skunk in a German zoo by metagenomic sequencing.

[Macrophthalmos mimics microphthalmos in an 8-month-old Great Swiss Mountain Dog].

An 8-month-old Great Swiss Mountain dog was presented with a suspected right-sided microphthalmos, malformed and blind globe which was present since birth. On magnetic resonance imaging an ellipsoid macrophthalmos with absence of the normal retrobulbar tissue was detected. Histology revealed a dysplastic uvea with unilateral cyst formation associated with mild lymphohistiocytic inflammation.

IFNAR signaling of neuroectodermal cells is essential for the survival of C57BL/6 mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus.

Background: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes encephalitis followed by chronic demyelination in SJL mice and spontaneous seizures in C57BL/6 mice. Since earlier studies indicated a critical role of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in the control of viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS), mouse strain-specific differences in pathways induced by the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) might determine the outcome of TMEV infection.

Methods: Data of RNA-seq analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the gene and protein expression of IFN-I signaling pathway members between mock- and TMEV-infected SJL and C57BL/6 mice at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi).

Intact Type I Interferon Receptor Signaling Prevents Hepatocellular Necrosis but Not Encephalitis in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Rift Valley Fever Virus Infected Mice.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic and emerging disease, caused by the RVF virus (RVFV). In ruminants, it leads to "abortion storms" and enhanced mortality rates in young animals, whereas in humans it can cause symptoms like severe hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis. The role of the innate and adaptive immune response in disease initiation and progression is still poorly defined.

Characterization of microglia/macrophage phenotypes in the spinal cord following intervertebral disc herniation.

Dogs frequently suffer from traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Most cases of SCI have a favorable prognosis but 40-50% of dogs with paraplegia and absence of nociception do not regain ambulatory abilities, eventually leading to euthanasia. Microglia and infiltrating macrophages play a crucial role in inflammatory process after SCI.

Concomitant necrotizing encephalitis and granulomatous meningoencephalitis in four toy breed dogs.

The term "meningoencephalitis of unknown origin" (MUO) describes a group of different encephalitides in dogs in which no infectious agent can be identified and a multifactorial etiology is suspected. Among others, genetic factors and unknown triggers seem to be involved. Included are necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE), necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), and granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME).

IFN-β Deficiency Results in Fatal or Demyelinating Disease in C57BL/6 Mice Infected With Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Viruses.

(IFN-I) are important inducers of the antiviral immune response and immune modulators. IFN-β is the most highly expressed IFN-I in the (CNS). The infection of SJL mice with the BeAn or the DA strain of (TMEV) results in a progressive demyelinating disease.

Ferrets are valuable models for SARS-CoV-2 research.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in an ongoing pandemic with millions of deaths worldwide. Infection of humans can be asymptomatic or result in fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnea, and acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiorgan failure in severe cases. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, and various models employing different species are currently applied.

Current Insights Into the Pathology of Canine Intervertebral Disc Extrusion-Induced Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs is commonly attributed to intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). Over the last years substantial progress was made in the elucidation of factors contributing to the pathogenesis of this common canine disease. A detailed understanding of the underlying histopathological and molecular alterations in the lesioned spinal cord represents a prerequisite to translate knowledge on the time course of secondary injury processes into the clinical setting.

H2 influenza A virus is not pathogenic in Tmprss2 knock-out mice.

The host cell protease TMPRSS2 cleaves the influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA). Several reports have described resistance of Tmprss2 knock-out (KO) mice to IAV infection but IAV of the H2 subtype have not been examined yet. Here, we demonstrate that TMPRSS2 is able to cleave H2-HA in cell culture and that Tmprss2 mice are resistant to infection with a re-assorted PR8_HA(H2) virus.