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Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with chemical and structural diversity have piqued the interest of the scientific community due to their superior photonic, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic capabilities that distinguish them from their bulk counterparts. Among these 2D materials, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides with a general chemical formula of MXT (where = 1-3), together known as MXenes, have gained tremendous popularity and demonstrated competitive performance in biosensing applications. In this review, we focus on the cutting-edge advances in MXene-related biomaterials, with a systematic summary on their design, synthesis, surface engineering approaches, unique properties, and biological properties. We particularly emphasize the property-activity-effect relationship of MXenes at the nano-bio interface. We also discuss the recent trends in the application of MXenes in accelerating the performance of conventional point of care (POC) devices towards more practical approaches as the next generation of POC tools. Finally, we explore in depth the existing problems, challenges, and potential for future improvement of MXene-based materials for POC testing, with the goal of facilitating their early realization of biological applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040697 | DOI Listing |
J Clin Ultrasound
September 2025
Second Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, NKUA, Athens, Greece.
Sonographic examination of major vessels can be a valuable bedside tool for perioperative hemodynamic assessment. In the present review, we present the anatomic and physiological aspects of internal jugular vein ultrasonography, its utility in assessing central venous pressure, intravascular volume status, fluid responsiveness, and its predictive value regarding post-spinal anesthesia hypotension. The existing literature is primarily comprised of small, observational studies with great heterogeneity in their methodology and shortcomings in data development and analysis, rendering the generalization of their results difficult to interpret for daily clinical practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pharm
September 2025
Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Electronic address:
Quality control of drug products is an essential step in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is often time-consuming and requires expensive equipment. Process analytical technology tools are typically integrated into the manufacturing process to monitor quality, thereby reducing time and costs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cardiol
September 2025
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
Background: Preoperative physical frailty is a significant predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of frailty and contributes to postoperative complications. This study investigated the effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), arginine, and glutamine supplementation on inflammatory markers, nutritional status, and renal function in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResuscitation
September 2025
Neurophysiopathology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Background: Accurate prognostication following cardiac arrest (CA) is crucial for informing clinical decisions. Current guidelines do not recommend a specific time point for recording somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) after CA. We evaluated the ability of ultra-early short- and middle-latency SSEPs to predict good an poor neurological outcome and compared its accuracy with that of other predictors recorded early after CA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep Med Rev
August 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common yet often underdiagnosed condition, partly due to limited access to polysomnography. Mandibular jaw movement (MJM) analysis offers a promising alternative to conventional home sleep apnea testing in children, capturing the dynamic interactions between respiratory drive and upper airway musculature, enabling accurate identification of, and critical insights into, sleep-disordered breathing events. This technical and practical review provides a structured framework for understanding and interpreting MJM signals during sleep in pediatric patients.
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