Impact of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on inflammation in patients with cardiac surgery: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Preoperative physical frailty is a significant predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of frailty and contributes to postoperative complications. This study investigated the effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), arginine, and glutamine supplementation on inflammatory markers, nutritional status, and renal function in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Synergistic effects of underweight and dementia on in-hospital mortality during acute myocardial infarction.

Aims: Although the impact of underweight and dementia on mortality is clear, no large study has examined the synergistic impact of underweight and dementia on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in real-world settings. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of underweight and dementia on in-hospital mortality in AMI patients using a nationwide administrative database.

Methods And Results: This nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed using the Japanese nationwide administrative data (JROAD-DPC) of 474,979 AMI patients between April 2012 and March 2021.

Phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis as a predictor of Exercise Capacity in Patients Undergoing late-recovery phase Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Aims: Phase angle (PhA) - a parameter of bioelectrical impedance analysis - is known to reflect cellular nutritional status and cell membrane integrity, and is commonly used as an indicator of muscle quality. This study aimed to explore the association between PhA and exercise capacity and to determine the potential of the former as a novel predictor of the latter in patients undergoing late-recovery phase cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods: This retrospective study included 107 patients undergoing CR.

Characteristics of Kawasaki disease in children with a history of COVID-19.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with a history of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including asymptomatic cases.

Methods: This retrospective study included 63 patients in whom KD was diagnosed between April 2021 and March 2024. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with KD who did and did not have a history of COVID-19 (KD-COVID-19 vs.

Rationale and study design of multicomponent exercise intervention for frail older patients with acutely decompensated heart failure: Pilot of the randomized controlled trial J REHAB-HF trial.

Background: In Japan, a growing number of older adults with heart failure (HF) are experiencing physical frailty. Healthcare providers recommend multicomponent exercise program for frail patients; however, their effectiveness in older Japanese adults with HF, who differ physiologically from their Western counterparts, remains unclear. In this study, we will compare the feasibility and efficacy of a multicomponent exercise program with those of conventional exercise therapy as pilot study of the randomized controlled trial, Japanese REHAB-HF (J REHAB-HF) trial.

Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease - A Scoping Review of Assessment Methods, Risk Factors, and Prognosis.

Oral frailty, which encompasses decline in oral health and function with aging, has broader health implications. However, its specific role in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains poorly understood. In this scoping review we investigated the prevalence, assessment tools, and potential intervention strategies for oral frailty in patients with CVD.

Body Mass Index Affects Hospital-Associated Disability and Economic Burden in Elective Cardiovascular Surgery - JROAD/JROAD-DPC Database.

Background: Both underweight and overweight are recognized as important factors influencing outcomes in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. This study investigated the effects of body mass index (BMI) on hospital-associated disability (HAD) and hospitalization costs in patients undergoing elective cardiovascular surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, aortic surgery) by analyzing data from the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases - Diagnosis Procedure Combination (JROAD-DPC) database.

Methods And Results: All patients in the JROAD-DPC database were categorized into 5 groups according to the World Health Organization BMI criteria for Asians.

U-shaped relationship between body mass index and intracerebral hemorrhage-related functional decline.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is associated with the sites of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which affect functional decline. However, the optimal BMI range for minimizing functional decline remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between BMI and ICH-related functional decline.

Effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: In older patients undergoing cardiac surgery, physical function is a critical determinant of postoperative outcomes. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation has been shown to promote muscle protein anabolism and inhibit catabolism, thereby preventing muscle weakness. However, its efficacy in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains unknown.

Trends in endemic of respiratory syncytial virus infection during COVID-19 pandemic and difficulty in obtaining optimal timing of palivizumab prophylaxis.

Objective: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. This study assessed whether or not palivizumab prophylaxis was appropriate during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This prospective study included children <24 months old who were hospitalized for RSV infection between April 2019 and March 2023.

Association between energy intake and activities of daily living in patients with acute stroke at hospital discharge: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of energy intake on activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with acute stroke, with a focus on the differences between obese and non-obese patients.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in a neurological hospital and included patients hospitalized for acute stroke. During the acute phase (1 week after admission), energy intake was assessed, and the main outcome was defined as the Functional Independence Measure in the motor domain (FIM-M) at discharge.

Mineral supplementation in patients with frailty and sarcopenia-a systematic review.

Aim: Addressing sarcopenia and frailty in aging populations is crucial for enhancing quality of life and reducing healthcare dependence. While the importance of energy, protein, and amino acid supplementation is known, the role of minerals needs further exploration. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of these minerals in managing sarcopenia and frailty.

Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on cognitive function in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review.

Background: Construction of an intervention method for the cognitive dysfunction of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is needed. Exercise-based comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation is a potentially effective approach that can improve cognitive function in ACS patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on cognitive function in ACS patients through a systematic review.

Effects of Group Exercise Intervention on Quality of Life and Physical Parameters in Patients with Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background: Although the survival rates of childhood cancer are increasing, children diagnosed as having cancer experience psychological and physical problems and a declining quality of life (QOL).

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed databases was conducted up to September 2023 to identify studies reporting the effects of group exercise intervention in children with cancer. The inclusion criteria were pre-specified, including children aged ≤19 years old who received group exercise intervention and interventional studies written in English.

Relationship between nutritional status and clinical outcomes among older individuals using long-term care services: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Nutritional status is a significant issue in an aging society; however, the impact of the nutritional status of older individuals using long-term care services on the caregiving burden remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of nutritional issues on adverse outcomes in older individuals using long-term care services.

Methods: We used data from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Ichu-shi Web databases.

Gut microbial stability in older Japanese populations: insights from the Mykinso cohort.

Gut microbiota imbalance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Here, we determined microbe-microbe interactions and gut microbiome stability in a Japanese population with varying body mass indices (BMIs) and enterotypes. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we analyzed gut microbial data from fecal samples obtained from 3,365 older Japanese individuals.

Evaluation of the usefulness of culture of induced sputum and the optimal timing for the collection of a good-quality sputum sample to identify causative pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in young children: A prospective observational study.

Background: The usefulness of an induced sputum in the identification of causative bacteria of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young children is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the significance of the implementation of an induced sputum culture among children with CAP and the impact of prior use of antimicrobial agents on the quality of the sample and result of the culture.

Methods: This prospective study included 96 children hospitalized for acute bacterial CAP whose sputum samples were collected by suctioning from the hypopharynx through the nose.

Predictors of Activities of Daily Living in Intensive Care Unit Survivors: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Objectives: Increased long-term impairment is common among intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. However, predictors of activities of daily living (ADL) in ICU survivors are poorly understood. We aimed to focus on the trajectory of physical function and explore the clinical variables that affect ADL at hospital discharge.

Rehabilitation Nutrition in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Cachexia.

Rehabilitation nutrition is a proposed intervention strategy to improve nutritional status and physical function. However, rehabilitation nutrition in patients with cachexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW), which are the main nutrition-related problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the current evidence and interventions related to rehabilitation nutrition for cachexia and PEW in patients with CKD.

Impact of body mass index on in-hospital mortality for six acute cardiovascular diseases in Japan.

Body mass index (BMI) distribution and its impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) vary between Asian and western populations. The study aimed to reveal time-related trends in the prevalence of obesity and underweight and safe ranges of BMI in Japanese patients with CVD. We analyzed 5,020,464 records from the national Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases-Diagnosis Procedure Combination dataset over time (2012-2019) and evaluated BMI trends and the impact on in-hospital mortality for six acute CVDs: acute heart failure (AHF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute aortic dissection (AAD), ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Impact of Frailty on Postoperative Dysphagia in Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiovascular Surgery.

Background: Postextubation dysphagia (PED) is a serious postoperative complication following cardiovascular surgery that can lead to a worse prognosis. On the other hand, frailty is a prognostic factor in patients who undergo cardiac surgery.

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of frailty status on PED and impact of PED on postoperative complications.