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Bisphenol A (BPA), present in many household products, can damage the male reproductive system. Accordingly, we summarized urine samples from 6921 human in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found urinary BPA levels were inversely linked with blood testosterone in the children group. Currently, BPA replacements, such as fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) and Bisphenol AF (BPAF), have been introduced to produce "BPA-free" products. Here we demonstrated that BPAF and BHPF could induce delayed gonadal migration and reduce the number of progenitors of germ cell lineage in zebrafish larvae. A close receptor analysis study reveals that BHPF and BPAF can strongly bind to androgen receptors, leading to the downregulation of meiosis-related genes and the overexpression of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, BPAF and BPHF can induce activation of the gonadal axis via negative feedback, leading to the hypersecretion of some upstream hormones and an increase in the expression of upstream hormone receptors. Our findings call for further research on the toxicological effects of BHPF and BPAF on human health and recommend that BPA replacements be investigated for anti-estrogenic action.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114634 | DOI Listing |
Toxics
August 2025
Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100041, China.
As bisphenol A (BPA) has gradually become restricted in production scenarios, the ecological risk level of its main replacement chemicals, i.e., bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), should be noted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
August 2025
Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoser Str. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor linked to numerous adverse health outcomes and was, therefore, banned in food-contact materials in the European Union. Numerous alternatives are now in commerce, but their health hazards are often inadequately addressed. This study compared BPA and 26 alternatives in six in vitro bioassays for cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, xenobiotic metabolism, adaptive stress responses, mitochondrial toxicity, and neurotoxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
August 2025
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University) Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. Electronic address: haojiahu@a
Bisphenol AF (BPAF), a fluorinated homolog of BPA, has been produced as a replacement for BPA. However, the consequences and mechanisms of adolescent exposure to BPAF in terms of neurobehavioral injury remain unclear. In this study, using an in vivo model, we found that BPAF is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lead to anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction in adolescent mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
August 2025
Center for Bio-Health Research, Division of Gyeongnam Bio-Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jeigok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Rising concerns about Bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity have prompted the search for safer alternatives. However, concerns persist regarding the safety of replacements like bisphenol TMC (BPTMC), a rapidly emerging BPA substitute. Utilizing the in vivo model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chromatogr A
July 2025
Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; College of Medicine, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, China; Key Laboratory of Pubic Health Safety & Policy Research, Xizang University, Lhasa City, 850000, China. Electronic address: ying
The global replacement of Bisphenol A (BPA) with structurally similar yet understudied analogues demands precise biomonitoring tools to assess human exposure and health risks. To bridge critical gaps, we developed a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 15 emerging BPA analogues including Bisphenol AF (BPAF), Bisphenol AP (BPAP), Bisphenol B (BPB), Bisphenol C (BPC), Bisphenol E (BPE), Bisphenol F (BPF), Bisphenol G (BPG), Bisphenol FL (BPFL), Bisphenol M (BPM), Bisphenol P (BPP), Bisphenol pH (BPPH), Bisphenol S (BPS), Bisphenol TMC (BPTMC), Bisphenol Z (BPZ), and Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BFDGE)-in human serum and urine matrices. The method achieved ultrahigh sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.
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