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This study developed a method for the simultaneous determination of volatile phenol, cyanide, anionic surfactant, and ammonia nitrogen in drinking water, using a continuous flow analyzer. The samples were first distilled at 145 °C. The phenol in the distillate then subsequently reacted with alkaline ferricyanide and 4-aminoantipyrine to form a red complex that was measured colorimetrically at 505 nm. Cyanide in the distillate subsequently reacted with chloramine T to form cyanogen chloride, which then formed a blue complex with pyridinecarboxylic acid that was measured colorimetrically at 630 nm. The anionic surfactant reacted with basic methylene blue to form a compound that was extracted into chloroform and washed with acidic methylene blue to remove interfering substances. The blue compound in chloroform was determined colorimetrically at 660 nm. Ammonia reacted with salicylate and chlorine from dichloroisocyanuric acid to produce indophenol blue at 37 °C in an alkaline environment that was measured at 660 nm. The relative standard deviations were 0.75-6.10% and 0.36-5.41%, respectively, and the recoveries were 96.2-103.6% and 96.0-102.4% when the mass concentration of volatile phenol and cyanide was in the range of 2-100 μg/L. The linear correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.9999, and the detection limits were1.2 μg/L and 0.9 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were 0.27-4.86% and 0.33-5.39%, and the recoveries were 93.7-107.0% and 94.4-101.7%. When the mass concentration of anionic surfactant and ammonia nitrogen was 10-1000 μg/L. The linear correlation coefficients were 0.9995 and 0.9999, and the detection limits were 10.7 μg/L and 7.3 μg/L, respectively. When compared to the national standard method, no statistically significant difference was found. This approach saves time and labor, has a lower detection limit, higher precision and accuracy, less contamination, and is more appropriate for the analysis and determination of large-volume samples.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28776-w | DOI Listing |
Langmuir
September 2025
School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
The study of the self-assembly of surfactants in aqueous solutions, though a traditional field, remains fascinating and full of novelty. In this article, the anionic perfluorodecanoic acid surfactant (PFA) is separately complexed with three hydroxyalkylamines (monoethanolamine (MEA), diethylamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA)) in aqueous solutions. The transformation of aggregate morphologies from spherical unilamellar to nanotubes and then to spherical bilamellar is observed at room temperature, which is confirmed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China.
Surfactant-enhanced spontaneous imbibition is a proven method of enhancing oil recovery from shale reservoirs. However, a significant knowledge gap concerning the impact of clay minerals on surfactant-enhanced imbibition in shale reservoirs remains. Therefore, this study first analyzed the mineral composition and pore structure of the shale reservoirs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChempluschem
September 2025
HCB Physical Chemistry, Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstraße 67, 40589, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Surfactants adsorb at interfaces and reduce the interfacial tension. In technical applications, they are typically used as complex mixtures rather than monodisperse systems. These mixtures often include ionic and non-ionic surfactants, with the non-ionic components comprising various monodisperse species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
ThAMeS Multiphase, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
The evaporation of surfactant-laden sessile droplets has widespread applications in both natural and technological contexts. This study explores the evaporation of droplets containing a nonionic surfactant (tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (EOT)), an anionic surfactant (sodium benzenesulfonate with alkyl chain lengths of C-C (NaDDBS)), and their mixtures at / mole ratios of 0.01, 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
September 2025
Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China. Electronic address:
Hypothesis: The surface free energy (γ) and solubility (δ) parameters are two important characteristic parameters describing physicochemical properties of substances, but knowledge about the characteristic parameters (γ and δ) of surfactants is still lacking. Possible relationships of the characteristic parameters of surfactants with their head group types and alkyl chain lengths as well as with the surface tension (σ) of their aqueous solutions are worth exploring.
Methods: Solid surfactants including 10 anionic and 14 cationic ones were chosen.