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Nature's seemingly controlled chaos in heterogeneous two-dimensional cell membranes stands in stark contrast to the precise, often homogeneous, environment in an experimentalist's flask or carefully designed material system. Yet cell membranes can play a direct role, or serve as inspiration, in all fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Our understanding of these ubiquitous structures continues to evolve despite over a century of study largely driven by the application of new technologies. Here, we review the insight afforded by second harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear optical technique. From potential measurements to adsorption and diffusion on both model and living systems, SHG complements existing techniques while presenting a large exploratory space for new discoveries.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0120888 | DOI Listing |
Chem Sci
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals capable of expanding the spectral region of solid-state are of great importance for many high-tech applications, yet their rational structure design remains a great challenge because of the conflicting property requirements among second harmonic generation (SHG) response, ultraviolet (UV) cut-off edge, and birefringence. Herein, based on the chemical disubstitution of the classic NLO crystal SrBeBO (SBBO), , substituting [BO] triangles with larger π-conjugated [BO] groups and substituting high-toxic [BeO] tetrahedra with environment-friendly [AlO] tetrahedra, a new high-performance aluminoborate NLO crystal, BaAlBO, has been successfully designed and synthesized. The theoretical calculations and optical property measurements indicate that BaAlBO exhibits not only the largest SHG response among the reported aluminoborates (2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
September 2025
Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, P. R. China.
The generation of coherent deep-ultraviolet (DUV) radiation via nonlinear frequency conversion remains a major scientific and technological challenge in modern optics. To date, only a very limited number of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals-such as KBBF, ABF, and quartz-have been experimentally demonstrated to support measurable direct second-harmonic generation (SHG) at wavelengths of 177 nm or shorter. There is a pressing need to develop alternative materials or strategies that enable efficient frequency conversion in the DUV region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Voice
September 2025
Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address:
Objectives: In individuals over 65, age is an essential factor in voice changes. Acoustic and aerodynamic norms guide clinicians in interpreting clinical voice assessment results. This study aimed to present aerodynamic-acoustic voice measurements in older individuals with no voice complaints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
November 2025
Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. Electronic address:
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as promising candidates for chiroptical functional materials due to their ability to form cholesteric liquid crystals with tunable periodicity. The quality of the final cholesteric phase is influenced by the nucleation, growth and coalescence mechanism of the initial droplets, known as tactoids. Current research focuses on understanding the size and morphological transformations of these tactoids, to gain deeper insights into their dynamic behavior and, in turn, to better control the final properties of novel photonic materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNpj Nanophoton
September 2025
Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Second-order nonlinear optical processes are fundamental to photonics, spectroscopy, and information technologies, with material platforms playing a pivotal role in advancing these applications. Here, we demonstrate the exceptional nonlinear optical properties of the van der Waals crystal 3R-MoS, a rhombohedral polymorph exhibiting high second-order optical susceptibility ( ) and remarkable second-harmonic generation (SHG) capabilities. By designing high quality factor resonances in 3R-MoS metasurfaces supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBIC), we first demonstrate SHG efficiency enhancement exceeding 10.
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