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In the past decade, single-cell technologies have revealed the heterogeneity of the tumor-immune microenvironment at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels and have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms of tumor development. Single-cell technologies have also been used to identify potential biomarkers. However, spatial information about the tumor-immune microenvironment such as cell locations and cell-cell interactomes is lost in these approaches. Recently, spatial multi-omics technologies have been used to study transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes of tumor-immune microenvironments in several types of cancer, and the data obtained from these methods has been combined with immunohistochemistry and multiparameter analysis to yield markers of cancer progression. Here, we review numerous cutting-edge spatial 'omics techniques, their application to study of the tumor-immune microenvironment, and remaining technical challenges.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-022-00879-y | DOI Listing |
Elife
September 2025
Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cell death sparking adaptive immune responses that can reshape the tumor microenvironment. Exploring key ICD-related genes in bladder cancer (BLCA) could enhance personalized treatment. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BLCA patients were divided into two ICD subtypes: ICD-high and ICD-low.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
September 2025
Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), and despite progress in molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies, their prognosis remains poor. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality in cancer therapy. However, the inevitable immune evasion by tumor cells is a key barrier affecting therapeutic efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Nanomedicine
September 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
The STING pathway has emerged as a therapeutic target in tumor immunotherapy due to its ability to induce interferon responses, enhance antigen presentation and activate T cells. Despite its therapeutic potential, STING pathway-based tumor immunotherapy has been limited by challenges in poor cellular delivery, rapid degradation of STING agonists, and potential systemic toxicity. Recently, advancements in nanotechnology have tried to overcome these limitations by providing platforms for more accurate and efficient targeted delivery of agonists, more moderate sustained STING pathway activation, and more efficient immune presentation and anti-tumor immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrason Sonochem
September 2025
The Radiology Department of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China. Electronic address:
With the development of nanomedicine and ultrasound technology, ultrasound-enhanced contrast agents and treatment platforms based on nanomaterials have become important tools for tumor diagnosis and treatment, owing to their high safety profile, low cost and excellent biocompatibility. This review comprehensively discusses the classification and mechanism of nanomaterials in enhancing ultrasound imaging and treatment. It encompasses organic nanomaterials, including nanobubbles and polymer nanoparticles, and as well as inorganic nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Lett
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation & Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Department of Radiology, Department of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, though the molecular regulators governing its immunosuppressive properties remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we identify Makorin-2 (MKRN2) as a novel modulator of TME remodeling through integrated analyses of genetically engineered mouse models and human clinical data. Utilizing MKRN2 knockout mice, we observed significantly accelerated tumor growth compared to wild-type control, which was associated with profound alterations in immune cell composition, especially M2 macrophages.
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