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We present the Codon Statistics Database, an online database that contains codon usage statistics for all the species with reference or representative genomes in RefSeq (over 15,000). The user can search for any species and access two sets of tables. One set lists, for each codon, the frequency, the Relative Synonymous Codon Usage, and whether the codon is preferred. Another set of tables lists, for each gene, its GC content, Effective Number of Codons, Codon Adaptation Index, and frequency of optimal codons. Equivalent tables can be accessed for (1) all nuclear genes, (2) nuclear genes encoding ribosomal proteins, (3) mitochondrial genes, and (4) chloroplast genes (if available in the relevant assembly). The user can also search for any taxonomic group (e.g., "primates") and obtain a table comparing all the species in the group. The database is free to access without registration at http://codonstatsdb.unr.edu.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac157 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
September 2025
School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.
Purpose: This study investigates codon usage and amino acid usage bias in the genus Acinetobacter to uncover the evolutionary forces shaping these patterns and their implications for pathogenicity and biotechnology.
Methods: Codon usage patterns were examined in representative genomes of the genus Acinetobacter using standard codon bias indices, including GC content, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), effective number of codons (ENC), and codon adaptation index (CAI). Neutrality and parity plots were employed to evaluate the relative influence of mutational pressure and natural selection on codon preferences.
Planta
September 2025
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
The first complete plastid genome of the critically endangered species Valeriana trinervis was sequenced, assembled and compared with other published Valeriana plastomes. In this study, we assembled the plastid genome of the critically endangered, endemic species Valeriana trinervis (= Centranthus trinervis) and compare it with all published plastomes of Valeriana. We found not only differences in the inverted repeats boundaries, in the type and abundance of repeats, but also similarities in codon usage and microsatellite numbers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Stat
February 2025
Department of Mathematics and State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
We conduct gene mutation rate estimations via developing mutual information and Ewens sampling based convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning algorithms. More precisely, we develop a systematic methodology through constructing a CNN. Meanwhile, we develop two machine learning algorithms to study protein production with target gene sequences and protein structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFISME Commun
January 2025
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
Global salinization increasingly threatens ecosystem integrity and the regulation of biogeochemical cycles. Our study reveals novel insights into the microbial contributions to the organohalide decomposition in saline environments, demonstrating the unprecedented ability of organohalide-respiring bacteria and to completely dechlorinate trichloroethene to non-toxic ethene under hypersaline conditions (up to 31.3 g/L) in long-term operations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
September 2025
ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India.
Background: Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) is a medium-sized South Asian minor carp with ecological significance and emerging aquaculture potential, particularly in polyculture systems with Indian major carps. Despite its wide distribution, it remains underrepresented in phylogenetic studies, and limited genomic resources are available. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of L.
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