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Located between the South and the East China Sea, the Taiwan Straits (TWS) are a marine shelf-channel area, with unique hydrological and geomorphological features affected by rivers inflow and with recent algal blooms with red tide events. This study aimed at assessing microbial distribution and function and their modulation in response to environmental gradients. Surface (0.5 m) water samples from 16 stations along five north to south transects were collected; total prokaryotic abundance by epifluorescence microscope and carbon substrate utilization patterns by Biolog Ecoplates were estimated. Spatially, a patchy microbial distribution was found, with the highest microbial metabolic levels and prokaryotic abundance in the TWS area between Minjiang River estuary and Pingtan Island, and progressive decreases towards offshore stations. Complex carbon sources and carbohydrates were preferentially metabolized. This study provides a snapshot of the microbial abundance and activity in TWS as a model site of aquatic ecosystems impacted from land inputs; obtained data highlights that microbial metabolism is more sensitive than abundance to environmental changes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02031-7 | DOI Listing |
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
September 2025
School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
Most type III CRISPR-Cas systems facilitate immune responses against invading mobile genetic elements such as phages by generating cyclic oligoadenylates (cOAs). Downstream effectors activated by cOAs are typically non-specific proteins that induce damage to essential cellular components, thereby preventing phage epidemics. Owing to these toxic effects, it is crucial that the production and concentration of cOAs remain under tight regulatory control during infection-free periods or when deactivating the immune response after clearing an infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Death Differ
September 2025
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
The death of fungal cells has been studied in a variety of contexts including responses to antifungal drugs, during fungal developmental processes, in response to bacterial or mycoviral fungal pathogens, and during non-self-recognition between distinct strains of the same species (allorecognition). Some of the genetic determinants and molecular mechanisms of fungal cell death processes are now beginning to be understood in detail. Recent advances have uncovered fungal cell death machinery that shares ancestry with key actors of immune cell death in other eukaryotic and prokaryotic taxa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Prokaryotes create adaptive immune memories by acquiring foreign DNA snippets, known as spacers, into the CRISPR array. In type II CRISPR-Cas systems, the RNA-guided effector Cas9 also assists the acquisition machinery by selecting spacers from protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)-flanked DNA. Here, we uncover the first biological role for Cas9 that is independent of its dual RNA partners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrief Bioinform
August 2025
Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
The increasing interest in finding new viruses within (meta)genomic datasets has fueled the development of computational tools for virus detection and characterization from environmental samples. One key driver is phage therapy, the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria with tailored bacteriophage cocktails. Yet, keeping up with the growing number of automated virus detection and analysis tools has become increasingly difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEMS Microbiol Ecol
September 2025
Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
Unmanaged plastic waste in Sub-Saharan Africa pollutes large areas and degrades into microplastics. Surfaces of microplastic are colonized by bacteria and fungi, resulting in the plastisphere. Plastispheres from high population hotspots on the African continent enrich pathogenic fungi, posing a potential threat to human health.
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