Process optimization of Lindl. by response surface methodology and its effect on biofilm.

Lindl. () is a medicinal plant with effective broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which can also inhibit biofilm formation. The processing of herbal medicine can purify medicinal materials, provide acceptable taste, reduce toxicity, enhance efficacy, influence performance and facilitate preparation. Thus, the aim of this study was to enhance the biofilm inhibition activity of toward () using the best processing method. The content of rutin and flavonoids and the ability to inhibit the biofilm formation by were examined using four processing methods. One of the best methods, the process of stir-frying with vinegar, was optimized based on the best rutin content by response surface methodology. The histidine content and gene expression of biofilm , resulting from stir-frying with vinegar, were evaluated and were found to be significantly decreased and down-regulated, respectively. The results show that stir-fried with vinegar can be used to effectively treat diseases resulting from infection. This is because it significantly inhibited biofilm formation by interfering with the biosynthesis of histidine; thus, its mechanism of action is decreasing histidine synthesis.