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Simultaneous EEG-fMRI has developed into a mature measurement technique in the past 25 years. During this time considerable technical and analytical advances have been made, enabling valuable scientific contributions to a range of research fields. This review will begin with an introduction to the measurement principles involved in EEG and fMRI and the advantages of combining these methods. The challenges faced when combining the two techniques will then be considered. An overview of the leading application fields where EEG-fMRI has made a significant contribution to the scientific literature and emerging applications in EEG-fMRI research trends is then presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062262 | DOI Listing |
Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
June 2025
ISR-Lisboa and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Several simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have aimed to identify the relationship between EEG band power and fMRI resting-state networks (RSNs) to elucidate their neurobiological significance. Although common patterns have emerged, inconsistent results have also been reported. This study aims to explore the consistency of these correlations across subjects and to understand how factors such as the hemodynamic response delay and the use of different EEG data spaces (source/scalp) influence them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
August 2024
Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan.
Simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) has potential for elucidating brain activities but suffers from severe noise/artifacts in EEG. While several countermeasures have been developed, it remains difficult to evaluate noise reductions in the absence of ground truth in EEG. We introduce a new evaluation method which takes advantage of high test-retest reliability of EEG microstate metrics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Neurophysiol
July 2025
Division of Neurorehabilitation, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
This chapter reviews recent breakthroughs in neurophysiological brain mapping, focusing on EEG, MEG, and MRI technologies and their integration with stimulation techniques. High-density and portable EEG systems now allow more precise, user-friendly, and mobile recordings. Machine learning enhances biomarker detection and diagnostic power, particularly in epilepsy, cognitive disorders, and sleep pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Brain Mapp
August 2025
Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
The analysis of EEG microstates offers a valuable approach for investigating large-scale brain networks and dynamics. Beyond the commonly reported "canonical microstates," prior literature has identified another distinct topography: the vertical topography (VT). This VT is characterized by a prominent straight line dividing positive and negative values, extending from the nasion to the inion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhenomics
April 2025
Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China.
Multi-modal signal measurement is widely used in health monitoring and disease recognition, such as electroencephalography (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), EEG-electrocardiograph (ECG), etc. The concurrent recording of EEG-fNIRS not only measures concentration changes of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) of the cortical microcirculation blood vessels but also records electrical activities of the cerebral cortex in a relatively portable setting compared with EEG-fMRI and other patterns. This protocol proposes a standard operating procedure for the joint EEG-fNIRS measurement, including electrode placement, hardware, and software.
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