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In the past decade, microfluidics has emerged as a rapidly growing area with potential to reduce cost and reagent consumption. It has been used for detection of nucleic acids and high-throughput screening of cells and metabolites. It is extensively used for extraction of DNA, RNA, proteins, biomolecules, as well as for cloning and transformation of plasmid into cells. Microfluidics is made up of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer which is transparent and is used for preparation of a wide range of devices and systems. In this chapter, we discuss advances and challenges of using microfluidics in molecular biology and its biomedical applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.017 | DOI Listing |
J Am Soc Nephrol
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Background: Genetic modifiers are believed to play an important role in the onset and severity of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but identifying these modifiers has been challenging due to the lack of effective methodologies.
Methods: We generated zebrafish mutants of IFT140, a skeletal ciliopathy gene and newly identified autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) gene, to examine skeletal development and kidney cyst formation in larval and juvenile mutants. Additionally, we utilized ift140 crispants, generated through efficient microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ)-based genome editing, to compare phenotypes with mutants and conduct a pilot genetic modifier screen.
JCI Insight
September 2025
Diabetes & Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States of America.
Impaired muscle regrowth in aging is underpinned by reduced pro-inflammatory macrophage function and subsequently impaired muscle cellular remodeling. Macrophage phenotype is metabolically controlled through TCA intermediate accumulation and activation of HIF1A. We hypothesized that transient hypoxia following disuse in old mice would enhance macrophage metabolic inflammatory function thereby improving muscle cellular remodeling and recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Invest
September 2025
Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Understanding the genetic causes of diseases affecting pancreatic β cells and neurons can give insights into pathways essential for both cell types. Microcephaly, epilepsy and diabetes syndrome (MEDS) is a congenital disorder with two known aetiological genes, IER3IP1 and YIPF5. Both genes encode proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Invest
September 2025
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, United States of America.
3-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate (HS) is the key determinant for binding and activation of Antithrombin III (AT). This interaction is the basis of heparin treatment to prevent thrombotic events and excess coagulation. Antithrombin-binding HS (HSAT) is expressed in human tissues, but is thought to be expressed in the subendothelial space, mast cells, and follicular fluid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Invest
September 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America.
B-lymphocytes play major adaptive immune roles, producing antibody and driving T-cell responses. However, how immunometabolism networks support B-cell activation and differentiation in response to distinct receptor stimuli remains incompletely understood. To gain insights, we systematically investigated acute primary human B-cell transcriptional, translational and metabolomic responses to B-cell receptor (BCR), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), CD40-ligand (CD40L), interleukin-4 (IL4) or combinations thereof.
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