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A hallmark of T cell ageing is a loss of effector plasticity. Exercise delays T cell ageing, yet the mechanisms driving the effects of exercise on T cell biology are not well elucidated. T cell plasticity is closely linked with metabolism, and consequently sensitive to metabolic changes induced by exercise. Mitochondrial function is essential for providing the intermediate metabolites necessary to generate and modify epigenetic marks in the nucleus, thus metabolic activity and epigenetic mechanisms are intertwined. In this perspective we propose a role for exercise in CD4+ T cell plasticity, exploring links between exercise, metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.729366 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Case Rep Intern Med
August 2025
Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, USA.
Background: Blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) are B-cell targeted agents used in the frontline and relapsed/refractory treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). Blinatumomab, a bispecific T-cell engager that targets CD19 and CD3, and InO, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD22, have both shown efficacy. However, recent reports have noted lineage conversion as a complication when these agents are used individually or sequentially.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAllergy
September 2025
Department of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Mast cells (MCs) rapidly adapt to the microenvironment due to the plethora of cytokine receptors expressed. Understanding microenvironment-primed immune responses is essential to elucidate the phenotypic/functional changes MCs undergo, and thus understand their contribution to diseases and predict the most effective therapeutic strategies. We exposed primary human MCs to cytokines mimicking a T1/pro-inflammatory (IFNγ), T2/allergic (IL-4 + IL-13), alarmin-rich (IL-33) and pro-fibrotic/pro-tolerogenic (TGFβ) microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Plant
September 2025
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address:
In Arabidopsis roots, xylem-pole-pericycle (XPP) cells exhibit dual cell fates by contributing to both lateral root (LR) and cambium formation. Despite the significant progress in understanding these processes individually, the mechanism deciding between these two fates and its contribution on root architecture and secondary growth remain unknown. Here we combined lineage tracing with molecular genetics to study the regulation of fate plasticity of XPP cell lineage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMBO Rep
September 2025
Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.
Immune cells are increasingly recognized as nutrient sensors; however, their developmental role in regulating growth under homeostasis or dietary stress remains elusive. Here, we show that Drosophila larval macrophages, in response to excessive dietary sugar (HSD), reprogram their metabolic state by activating glycolysis, thereby enhancing TCA-cycle flux, and increasing lipogenesis-while concurrently maintaining a lipolytic state. Although this immune-metabolic configuration correlates with growth retardation under HSD, our genetic analyses reveal that enhanced lipogenesis supports growth, whereas glycolysis and lipolysis are growth-inhibitory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Cell
September 2025
Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address:
Understanding tumor cell plasticity, a potential mechanism driving therapeutic resistance in many cancers, represents a key oncologic challenge. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Xu et al. leverage neuroblastoma as a tractable model for exploring mechanisms of tumor plasticity and provide key insights into drivers of tumor cell states.
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