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The drivers of low-level viremia (LLV) between 20 and 200 copies/mL remain unclear. In 1042 person-visits from 497 persons with HIV on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART), the association between LLV and cumulative antiretroviral adherence (quantified using tenofovir diphosphate [TFV-DP] in dried blood spots) was assessed. Lower TFV-DP levels were associated with higher odds of LLV. As TFV-DP (fmol/punch) categories decreased from >1650 to 800-1650; 800-1650 to <800; and >1650 to <800, the adjusted odds ratios for LLV vs HIV VL <20 copies/mL were 2.0 (95% CI, 1.2-3.1), 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1-5.0), and 4.6 (95% CI, 2.2-9.9), respectively. This suggests that adherence could impact LLV.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab463 | DOI Listing |
Arch Virol
September 2025
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 150069, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) causes severe disease in ruminants. We assessed the pathogenicity of the Chinese EHDV-7 isolate YN09 in mice lacking the type I interferon receptor and in sheep. In mice, YN09 infection resulted in 100% mortality, with histopathological lesions, viral replication, and immunoreactivity in multiple organs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
August 2025
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Introduction: Low-level viremia (LLV) in HIV infection, defined as detectable but low plasma viral load, is associated with an increased risk of virological failure (VF); however, the mechanisms underlying LLV remain unclear. Monocytes, as potential viral reservoirs, can migrate into tissues and differentiate into tissue-resident macrophage reservoirs, playing a critical role in viral dissemination and potentially driving persistent viremia.
Methods: This study aimed to analyze and compare the molecular characteristics of near-full-length HIV-1 proviral DNA quasispecies from monocytes in three distinct virological response groups: VF, LLV, and virological suppression (VS).
Front Med (Lausanne)
August 2025
The First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Introduction: Low-level viremia (LLV) is associated with the progression of liver fibrosis and a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy between nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) therapy and combination therapy of NAs and pegylated interferon-α (pegIFN-α) in entecavir (ETV)-treated CHB patients with LLV.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.
J Infect Chemother
September 2025
AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (HIV-MCD) is a rare, life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorder featuring systemic inflammation and marked lymphadenopathy. HIV-MCD is characterized by a human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection, with an increasing incidence despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although HHV-8 viremia is a recognized indicator of disease recurrence, the necessity of intervention for low-level viremia reactivation remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
September 2025
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus causing chronic infections in over 50 million people who are at risk of developing severe liver disease. Greater understanding of HCV pathogenesis and vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of a fully immunocompetent small-animal model permissive to infection. Rodents are resistant to HCV infection due to a variety of factors at the levels of entry and replication, many of which have been discovered within the past decade.
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