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Structural interpenetration in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) significantly impacts on their properties and functionalities. However, understanding the interpenetration on third-order nonlinear optics (NLO) of MOFs have not been reported to date. Herein, we report two 3D porphyrinic MOFs, a 2-fold interpenetrated [Zn(TPyP)(AC)] () and a noninterpenetrated [Zn(TPyP)(HO)(CO)] (), constructed from 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP(H)) and Zn(NO) (AC = acetate, CO = oxalate). achieves excellent optical limiting (OL) performance with a giant nonlinear absorption coefficient (3.61 × 10 cm/GW) and large third-order susceptibility (7.73 × 10 esu), which is much better than and other reported OL materials. The corresponding MOFs nanosheets are dispersed into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to form highly transparent and flexible MOFs/PDMS glasses for practical OL application. In addition, the OL response optimized by adjusting the MOFs concentration in the PDMS matrix and the type of metalloporphyrin are discussed in the system. The theoretical calculation confirmed that the abundant π-π interaction from porphyrinic groups in the interpenetrated framework increased the electron delocalization/transfer and boosted the OL performance. This study opens a new avenue to enhance OL performance by the construction of interpenetrated structures and provides a new approach for the preparation of transparent and flexible MOF composites in nonlinear optical applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c07803 | DOI Listing |
Nano Lett
September 2025
Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology School of Physics Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
The semiconductor-electrolyte interface with strong electrical tunability offers a platform for tuning nonlinear optical (NLO) processes and achieving giant optical nonlinearities. However, such a demonstration and fundamental mechanistic understanding of electrochemically tuned NLO properties have not been reported. Here, we developed an electrochemical Z-scan system to characterize the evolution of NLO responses in tellurium nanorod films under bias voltage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
September 2025
Research Center for Crystal Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environmental Conditions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, P. R. China.
The generation of coherent deep-ultraviolet (DUV) radiation via nonlinear frequency conversion remains a major scientific and technological challenge in modern optics. To date, only a very limited number of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals-such as KBBF, ABF, and quartz-have been experimentally demonstrated to support measurable direct second-harmonic generation (SHG) at wavelengths of 177 nm or shorter. There is a pressing need to develop alternative materials or strategies that enable efficient frequency conversion in the DUV region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Nanotechnol
September 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Topological photonics explores photonic systems that exhibit robustness against defects and disorder, enabled by protection from underlying topological phases. These phases are typically realized in linear optical systems and characterized by their intrinsic photonic band structures. Here we experimentally study Floquet Chern insulators in periodically driven nonlinear photonic crystals, where the topological phase is controlled by the polarization and the frequency of the driving field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
September 2025
Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
The concept of parity-time symmetry has firmly established non-Hermiticity as a versatile degree of freedom on a variety of physical platforms. In general, the non-Hermitian dynamics of open systems are perceived to be inextricably linked to complex-valued potentials facilitating the local attenuation and coherent amplification in wave mechanics. Along these lines, time reversal symmetry is associated with a complex conjugation of the potential landscape, in essence swapping gain and loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
November 2025
Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. Electronic address:
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as promising candidates for chiroptical functional materials due to their ability to form cholesteric liquid crystals with tunable periodicity. The quality of the final cholesteric phase is influenced by the nucleation, growth and coalescence mechanism of the initial droplets, known as tactoids. Current research focuses on understanding the size and morphological transformations of these tactoids, to gain deeper insights into their dynamic behavior and, in turn, to better control the final properties of novel photonic materials.
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