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Compartmentalized reaction networks regulating signal processing, communication and pattern formation are central to living systems. Towards achieving life-like materials, we compartmentalized urea-urease and more complex urea-urease/ester-esterase pH-feedback reaction networks into hydrogel spheres and investigate how fuel-driven pH fronts can be sent out from these spheres and regulated by internal reaction networks. Membrane characteristics are installed by covering urease spheres with responsive hydrogel shells. We then encapsulate the two networks (urea-urease and ester-esterase) separately into different hydrogel spheres to devise communication, pattern formation and attraction. Moreover, these pH fronts and patterns can be used for self-growing hydrogels, and for developing complex geometries from non-injectable hydrogels without 3D printing tools. This study opens possibilities for compartmentalized feedback reactions and their use in next generation materials fabrication.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202109735 | DOI Listing |
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces
December 2025
College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, No.37 Chengzhong Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China. Electronic address:
The pervasive accumulation of tetracycline (TC) in aquatic ecosystems poses severe ecological and health threats, yet conventional technologies rarely achieve reliable removal under continuous-flow conditions. To overcome the intrinsic brittleness, aggregation and leaching of powdered ZIF-67, this study developed novel alginate-encapsulated MOF composite gel spheres (ALG/ZIF-67) via in-situ crystallization. This simple strategy generates hierarchical pores, anchors Co-N active sites and imparts mechanical robustness without sacrificing adsorption kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanocarriers hold transformative potential for treating anterior segment eye diseases, yet corneal epithelium impermeability necessitates intraocular injection. Given the discomfort and infection risk, an injectable hydrogel-based depot offers a promising strategy for sustained nanocarrier delivery in intraocular therapy. However, because the aqueous humor is a large, fluid-filled environment, achieving spatially confined gelation remains a key challenge as injected materials rapidly diffuse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
September 2025
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Su Bingtian Center for Speed Research and Training, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Depression is linked to dysregulated neurotransmitter levels, making efficient and facile monitoring crucial for early diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes. However, rigid electrodes or unstable luminescence on flexible substrates have limited the adoption of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in flexible health-monitoring platforms. Herein, we introduce a stretchable conductive photonic-crystal hydrogel (PCH) as an ECL electrode for sweat-based neurotransmitter detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInorg Chem
September 2025
Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biology & Catalysis, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
The application of EDTA exerted a governing effect on the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolites. Analytical results revealed that EDTA presented as EDTA and EDTA in alkaline systems. Herein, EDTA served as the mineralized agent for dissolving amorphous gel into soluble Si-Al species, while EDTA acted as an electrostatic cross-linker, assembling with -butylamine and soluble Si-Al species into "Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Sphere.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Mater
August 2025
Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
Here, hydrophobic polyisobutylene and hydrophilic poly-(ethylene glycol), both of reasonably high molar masses, have been end-linked, yielding amphiphilic polymer conetwork (APCN) hydrogels that can self-organize in water into well-ordered lamellar structures. The cross-linking of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer segments produces networks that typically exhibit sphere-like nanodomains in water and in the bulk, but the orderly interconnection of relatively large and highly incompatible polymers leads to hydrogels that internally assemble into lamellae. This unprecedented result may be attributed to the weak force-field established by the presence of a minimal concentration of homogeneously distributed cross-links in the case of the present system, which must be contrasted to a higher concentration of randomly placed cross-linking points, which destroy long-range ordering in conventional APCN hydrogels.
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