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The RNA helicase A (RHA) is a member of DExH-box helicases and characterized by two double-stranded RNA binding domains at the N-terminus. RHA unwinds double-stranded RNA in vitro and is involved in RNA metabolisms in the cell. RHA is also hijacked by a variety of RNA viruses to facilitate virus replication. Herein, this review will provide an overview of the role of RHA in the replication of RNA viruses.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030361 | DOI Listing |
Clin Transl Sci
September 2025
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Since the first decentralized clinical trial (DCT) was conducted in 2011, there has been an increased usage of DCT due to its benefits of patient-centricity and generalizability of findings. This trend was further expedited by the global COVID-19 pandemic. We identified 23 case studies across various therapeutic areas and grouped them into different categories according to their purposes-by necessity, for operational benefits, to address unique research questions, to validate innovative digital endpoints, or to validate decentralization as a clinical research platform.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Microbiol
September 2025
Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus poses a continuing global public health threat due to its outbreaks in poultry farms and zoonotic transmission from birds to humans. In the quest of effective therapeutics against H5N1 infection, antibodies with broad neutralizing activity have attracted significant attention. In this study, we employed a phage display technique to select and identify VHH antibodies with specific neutralizing activity against H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) from an immune llama-derived antibody library.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
September 2025
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Unlabelled: Although wastewater treatment plants harbor many pathogens, traditional methods that monitor the microbial quality of surface water and wastewater have not changed since the early 1900s and often disregard the presence of other types of significant waterborne pathogens such as viruses. We used metagenomics and quantitative PCR to assess the taxonomy, functional profiling, and seasonal patterns of DNA and RNA viruses, including the virome distribution in aquatic environments receiving wastewater discharges. Environmental water samples were collected at 11 locations in Winnipeg, Manitoba, along the Red and Assiniboine rivers during the Spring, Summer, and Fall 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
September 2025
Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Vertebrate animals and many small DNA and single-stranded RNA viruses that infect vertebrates have evolved to suppress genomic CpG dinucleotides. All organisms and most viruses additionally suppress UpA dinucleotides in protein-coding RNA. Synonymously recoding viral genomes to introduce CpG or UpA dinucleotides has emerged as an approach for viral attenuation and vaccine development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China.
Mounting evidence indicates that viruses exploit elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to promote replication and pathogenesis, yet the mechanistic underpinnings of this viral strategy remain elusive for many viral systems. This study uncovers a sophisticated viral counter-defense mechanism in the Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1)-Fusarium graminearum system, where the viral p29 protein subverts host redox homeostasis to overcome antiviral responses. That p29 directly interacts with and inhibits the enzymatic activity of fungal NAD(P)H-dependent FMN reductase 1 (FMR1), leading to increased ROS accumulation and subsequent autophagy activation is demonstrated.
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