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In this study, a simple method was proposed to calculate electrode-sample contact impedance in the cases of two-point and four-point measurements. The results indicated that when using the saturated calcium hydroxide solution (SCH) as conductive medium, the contact impedance in the four-point measurement is negligible for the impedance range of cement-based materials. The SCH can be used as a reference for correction of the contact impedance. A reasonable combination of curing humidity and different conductive media is recommended for the two-point measurement, which is suitable for testing the ACIS of cement-based materials. In a case of contact impedance not being precisely known, it is highly recommended that a four-point measurement with two different ratios of the length of the sample and the center spacing of the voltage electrodes (L/a) should be conducted to evaluate the effect of the contact impedance following the procedure proposed in this study.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74925-w | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
The performance of NiO-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is strongly influenced by the interface between the metal support (current collector) and the catalyst layer, which modulates electronic properties and electrochemical activity. This study systematically investigates the solid-solid interface behavior of NiO thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering on Pt, Au, and Ni, followed by electrochemical characterization. Stepwise NiO deposition and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal distinct band alignment and electronic structure differences at the metal-catalyst interface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Bio Mater
September 2025
Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 15916-34311, Iran.
The development of high-performance neural interfaces is critical for advancing brain-machine communication and treating neurological disorders. A major challenge in neural electrode design is achieving a seamless biological-electronic interface with optimized electrochemical properties, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility. In this study, we introduce a hierarchical micronanostructured poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polydopamine (PEDOT-PDA) coating on titanium nitride (TiN) microelectrodes engineered to enhance electrophysiological signal recording and neural integration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
September 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) serves as a pivotal technology for the noninvasive monitoring of brain functional activity, diagnosing neurological disorders, and assessing cognitive states. However, inherent compatibility barriers between traditional rigid electrodes and the hairy scalp interface significantly compromise signal quality, long-term monitoring comfort, and user compliance. This review examines conductive hydrogel electrodes' pivotal role in advancing scalp EEG, particularly their unique capacity to overcome hair-interface barriers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Res Eur
August 2025
Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Valencian Community, 12006, Spain.
Background: Thermoelectric (TE) materials can directly convert heat into electricity, which is beneficial for energy sustainability. Organic conducting polymers are TE materials that have drawn significant attention owing to different favorable properties, such as good processability, availability, flexibility, and intrinsically low thermal conductivity. Among the organic TEs, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the most extensively investigated material because of its stability and high electrical conductivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
School of Professional Studies, University of Kansas Edwards Campus, Overland Park, Kansas, United States of America.
In this study, an adaptive force-position-speed collaborative process planning framework for robot polishing was proposed to improve the stability of the robot polishing process. The material removal model based on Preston's theory was studied, and the factors of polishing pressure, tool speed, feed speed, and sandpaper type were considered to design the manual polishing experiment. The improved Dung Beetle Optimization algorithm, Back Propagation Neural Network, Finite Element Analysis, and Response Surface Methodology provide a strong guarantee for the selection of robot polishing process parameters.
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