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Article Abstract
Background: Autophagy is reported as a survival or death-promoting pathway that is highly debatable in different kinds of cancer. Here, we examined the co-effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SN) treatment on G-361 human melanoma cells via autophagy induction.
Methods: The temperature and pH of the media, along with the cell number, were evaluated. The intracellular glucose level and and downstream pathways were assessed. Autophagy-related genes, related transcriptional factors, and autophagy induction were estimated using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and ELISA.
Results: CAP treatment increased the temperature and pH of the media, while its combination with SN resulted in a decrease in intracellular ATP with the downregulation of survival and transcriptional pathways. Co-treatment blocked downstream paths of survival pathways and reduced (2 times), (10 times), (5 times), (5 times), and (10 times). CAP and SN co-treated treatment modulates transcriptional factor expressions (, , , , and ) and specific genes (, , and ) related to autophagy induction.
Conclusion: CAP and SN together activate autophagy in G-361 cells by activating and pathways, expressing autophagy-related transcription factors and genes.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7139470 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061939 | DOI Listing |
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